breast neoplasm

Question 1

which lesions carry a great risk for developing invasive breast carcinoma?

Answer 1

atypical ductal hyperplasia

Question 2

2nd most common invasive breast carcinoma, which contains loss of E-cadherin?

Answer 2

atypical LOBULAR hyperplasia

Question 3

a 65 yr old woman is found to have a 1cm mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast ?

Answer 3

carcinoma (malignant)

Question 4

a 57 yrs old woman presents with left breast pain. on examination the breast is erythematous, swollen, and warm to touch. there is also dimpling of the breast (peu d’orange) + the left nipple is completely retracted?

Answer 4

inflammation carcinoma

Question 5

a 27 yr old woman requested a mamography bcz both her mother and sister died of metastatic breast cancer before 40 yrs of age. what factors determine a risk for breast cancer?

Answer 5

BRCA-1 mutation

Question 6

. Calcifications frequently are associated
with ……….

Answer 6

DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ

Question 7

…………..develops when axillary lymph node dissection injuries and obstructs the lymph ducts

Answer 7

lymphedema

Question 8

what are the causes of edema: lymphatic obstruction ?

Answer 8

inflammation
neoplasia
post-surgical situation
post-radiation situation

Question 9

Approximately one-third of women with ………… eventually develop
invasive carcinoma.

Answer 9

LCIS lobular carcinoma in situ

Question 10

The distinctive comedo subtype is characterized by extensive central necrosis, which produces toothpaste like necrotic
tissue that extrudes from transected ducts on application of
gentle pressure in which type of tumor?

Answer 10

DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ

Question 11

a 45 yr old male patient is admitted with left nipple discharge. on physical examination, an area of 2cm firm area is palpated close to the left nipple. in mammography, BI-RADS 5 masses are defined. invasive cancer is reported. diagnosis?

Answer 11

invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 12

a 62 yr old female undergoes modified radical mastectomy for invasive carcinoma. best for the patient with low proliferative in the tumor in the histopathology report. what is the expected prognosis?

Answer 12

HER2 -ve (low proliferation) / ER+ve / PR+ve

Question 13

loss of E-cadherin is found in?

Answer 13

lobular carcinoma in situ & atypical lobular hyperplasia

Question 14

what are the risk factors for developing breast cancer?

Answer 14

-early age of menarche
-nulliparity
-absence of breast feeding
-older age at first pregnancy
-alcohol
-postmenopausal obesity
-postmenopausal hormone replacement

Question 15

………….gene mutation is associated with ER positive tumors.
…………..gene mutation is associated with triple negative cancers

Answer 15

BRCA 2
BRCA 1

Question 16

breast cancers that overexpress ………. gene are highly proliferative

Answer 16

HER2

Question 17

the survival of patients with ER……..
cancers is higher than patients with ER………. cancers 5
years postdiagnosis, especially for Stages III and IV

Answer 17

positive
negative

Question 18

which type of non-invasive breast carcinoma are these:
………….. distorts lobules into duct like spaces?
………….. expands involved lobules?

Answer 18

ductal carcinoma in situ
lobular carcinoma in situ

Question 19

-solid type
-comedo type
-cribriform type
-papillary type
-micropapillary type
-“clinging” type
those are all histological appearances of which type of non-invasive carcinoma

Answer 19

ductal carcinoma in situ

Question 20

ductal carcinoma in situ–> ………….–> extension into the skin of the nipple causing unilateral crusting exudate and eczema over the nipple and areolar skin

Answer 20

paget disease

Question 21

……………. is associated with with ductal carcinoma in situ (non-invasive)(precancerous lesion)

Answer 21

invasive (infiltrative carcinoma)

Question 22

…………….. has a desmoplastic response: replaces normal breast fat with hard, palpable irregular masses)

Answer 22

invasive (infiltrative) carcinoma

Question 23

which type of carcinoma shows bilateral, indian file cells and dense stroma?

Answer 23

(invasive) lobular carcinoma