Nephrology risk factors CC

Question 1

Delayed graft function (DGF) risk factors

Answer 1

• Deceased donor
• Prolonged allograft ischemia times

Question 2

Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) risk factors

Answer 2

• Difficulties in procurement and surgical technique
• Atherosclerotic disease
• Cytomegalovirus infection
• DGF

Question 3

Acute rejection of a renal allograft risk factors

Answer 3

• Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches
• Blood group incompatibility
• Prolonged cold ischemia time
• DGF
• Patients with previous episodes of rejection

Question 4

Risk factors for acute
kidney insufficiency after cardiac surgery

Answer 4

female
gender,
congestive heart failure,
left ventricular ejection
fraction below 35%,
preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus,
previous cardiac surgery, emergency surgery,
elevated preoperative creatinine,
coronary bypass with
valvular intervention.

Question 5

Factors that make certain elements less dialyzable

Answer 5

• Drugs or toxins that are extensively large (monoclonal antibodies),
• extensively protein bound,
• extensively charge, or
• Elements with a large volume of distribution

Question 6

Augmented renal
clearance (ARC)

Answer 6

• age < 50 years,
• male gender,
• creatinine clearance
• recent history of trauma and
• lower critical illness severity scores such as SOFA score, SAPS II, or APACHE II

Question 7

Risk factors for acute kidney injury after aortic aneurysm repair

Answer 7

• pre-existing renal dysfunction,
• increased age,
• involvement of the renal arteries in the aneurysm,
• preoperative exposure to radiocontrast,
• high complexity,
• prolonged procedure time,
• emergency surgery
• perioperative hypotension