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USMLE STEP 2 CK RETAKE > Nephrology > Flashcards

Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

Pre-renal AKI Dx

A 
finding is increased CK 
UA shows 
BUN:Cr >20 
FeNa <1%
FeUrea <35% 
UNa <10
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2
Q

Pre-renal AKI Tx

A

IVF or Diuresis

depending on volume status

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3
Q

Pre-renal AKI Causes

A

MI, CHF
Nephrosis, gastrosis, malnutrition, cirrhosis
Diuresis, Diarrhea, Dehydration

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4
Q

Post Renal AKI Dx

A

Normal findings on UA

Perform US or CT showing Hydronephrosis or hydroureter

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5
Q

Post Renal AKI Tx

A

Foley, Nephrostomy, Surgery

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6
Q

Post Renal AKI causes

A

Ureter: CA, Stenosis
Bladder: CA, Stenosis, neurogenic Bladder
Urethra: CA, Stones, BPH

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7
Q

Glomerulonephritis Dx

A

RBC Casts, R/o Nephrotic Syndrome

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8
Q

Acute interstitial Nephritis Dx

A

WBC Casts, WBC, Eosinophils

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9
Q

AIN Tx

A

TMP-SMX, Penicillins, Cephalosporins

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10
Q

Acute Tubular Necrosis Dx

A

Muddy brown Casts

Toxin exposure

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11
Q

Hyponatermia Tx
Mild
Moderate
Severe

A

Mild- Dz specific
Moderate- IVF-NS
Severe-3% Hypertonic Saline

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12
Q

Hypernatremia Tx
Mild
Moderate
Severe

A

Mild- PO Fluids
Moderate- IV-NS (Nausea, Vomiting, Confusion, Headache
Severe- D5W (Coma, Seizures)

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13
Q

Hyperparathyroidism Hx

A

Hypercalcemia
Pathologic Fractures
Brown tumors

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14
Q

Hyperprathyroidism Dx

A

Increased PTH
Increased Ca
Decreased Phos

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15
Q

Hyperparathyroidism Tx

A

Resection

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16
Q

PTH Action on the kidney

A

Absorb Calcium

Excrete Phos

17
Q

Hypocalcemia Symptoms

A

Tetany
Perioral Tingling
Trousseu Sign
Chvostek Sign

18
Q

Hypercalcemia Symptoms

A

Kidney Stones
Psychic Moans
Abdominal Groans
Painful bones

19
Q

Causes of hyperkalemia

A 
ACEi/ARB
Aldosterone inhibitors 
Artifact/hemolysis 
Ingestion/CKD
Rhabdomyolysis
20
Q

Hyperkalemia ECG Changes

A

Widened QRS and peaked T waves

21
Q

Unstable Hyperkalemia Tx

A 
ECG Changes=unstable
Stabilize- CaCl
Temporize-Insulin D50
Na Bicarb 
B-Agonist 
Decrease TBK-
Loops
Kayexalate
Dialysis
22
Q

Kidney Stone Symptoms

A

Colicky Flank Pain
Radiates to the groin
Microscopic Hematuria

23
Q

Kidney stones Dx

A

UA-Microscopic hematuria

Non contrast CT/US in pregnancy- hydronephrosis=stone

24
Q

Kidney stone Tx <5mm

A

IVF and pain meds

25
Q

Kidney stone Tx <7mm

A

Medical expulsive therapy

CCB or beta blockers

26
Q

Kidney stone Tx between 7mm to 1.5cm

A

Proximal-lithotripsy

Distal-urescopy

27
Q

Kidney stone Tx >1.5cm

A

Surgery
Proximal-laproscopy
Distal- PAN

28
Q

Renal Complex Cyst Findings

A 
Large
Heterogenous Structure 
Loculations and septations present 
Flank Mass 
Flank Pain 
Hematuria
29
Q

Complex Cyst Dx

A

UA
Ct Scan/US pregnant
Needle Biopsy

30
Q

Complex Cyst Tx

31
Q

Renal Cell CA Presentation

A

Flank pain
Flank Mass
Hematuria

32
Q

Renal Cell CA Dx, Tx

A

CT/US Pregnant

Resection

USMLE STEP 2 CK RETAKE (15 decks)

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