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USMLE STEP 2 CK RETAKE > Infectious > Flashcards

Infectious Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

PPD >5mm

A

HIV/AIDs
Chemo
Transplant
Close patients

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2
Q

PPD >10mm

A 
Risk factors 
Healthcare 
Prison 
Homelessness 
Travel
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3
Q

PPD >15

A

No exposure “Soccer mom”

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4
Q

Rifampin AE

A

Red bodily fluids

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5
Q

Isoniazid AE

A

Peripheral neuropathy

give B6 with INH

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6
Q

Pyrazinamide AE

A

Hyperuricemia

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7
Q

Ethambutol AE

A

Eye Problems

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8
Q

Antiretroviral Syndrome Presentation

A

Pt: Flu-Like Illness
Negative for Flu, mono, ELISA
Dx: PCR for viral load
Tx: ARV-2+1

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9
Q

HIV Diagnostic tests

A
  1. HIV Ab ELISA
    2.CONFIRM with Western Blot
    (p24 Ag and HIV Ab)
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10
Q

Oppurtunistic infection CD4 Counts

A

<200-PCP
<100 Toxoplasmosis
<50 MAC

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11
Q

HIV AIDs PCP prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX
cant use Dapsone
G6PD Atarvoquone

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12
Q

HIV AIDs Toxoplasmosis Prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

Cant use-Pyrimethamine and leucovorin

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13
Q

HIV AIDs MAC prophylaxis

A

Azithromycin

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14
Q

Conditions that are unsafe for lumbar puncture

FAILS

A 
FND 
AMS
Immunosupressed 
Lesion 
Seizures
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15
Q

What do you do if they meet the FAILS criteria

A

give Abx 1st

then CT scan

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16
Q

Lumbar puncture reveals 1000’s PMNs causes of Brain Inflammation

A

Bacterial Cause

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17
Q

Lumbar Puncture Negative

A 
think of other causes 
Cryptococcus 
Lyme disease 
RMSF 
TB 
Syphilis
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18
Q

Brain Inflammation Lumbar Puncture shows Lymphocytes or a hemorrhagic tap

A

Encephalitis (HSV)

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19
Q

CT Scan shows mass lesion next step

A

HIV+

check for Toxo Ab

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20
Q

Toxo Ab negative next step

A

Brain Bx

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21
Q

Encephalitis

A

Lymphocytes on Lumbar Puncture
Tx: Acyclovir
Dx: HSV PCR

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22
Q

Cellulitis Presentation

A

Pt: Red, hot, tender

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23
Q

Non-toxic Cellulitis Treatment

A

Strep-1st gen cephalosporin
Staph- TMP-SMX
clindamycin

24
Q

Toxic/Septic Cellulitis Treatment

A

Pip/tazo
Ampicillin/sulbactam
Vancomycin, linezolid, clindamycin IV

25
Q

Osteomyelitis Presentation DX, Tx

A 
Probe wound hits bone
Recurrent or refractory cellulitis 
Dx: x-ray
MRI
Biopsy
Tx: Debridement
4-6 wks Abx
26
Q

Community acquired Pneumonia time and causes

A 
More than 90 days from the building (healthcare setting)
S. Pneumo (MC)
K. Pneumoniae (Aspiration)
H. Flu (COPD)
S. Aureus (post-viral)
Legionella (immunosupressed)
27
Q

CAP treatment

A

3rd gen cephalosporin + Macrolide (Azithromycin)

28
Q

Hospital Acquired pneumonia time and causes

A

less than 48 hours
Pseudomonnas
MRSA

29
Q

HAP treatment

A

Pip/tazo, Vancomycin

30
Q

Cavitary lesion on CXR

A

perform CT scan to determine

Fungus, Abscess, TB

31
Q

Abscess tx

A

3rd gen cephalosporin + clindamycin

32
Q

Complicated UTIs (the four Ps)

A

Penis
Plastic
Procedure
Pyelonephritis

33
Q

Uncomplicated Cystitis

A

Non-pregnant Female

34
Q

U/A of UTI

A

Leukocyte esterase
Nitrates
>10 WBC/HPF

35
Q

Urethritis Presentation

A

Discharge from the penis or cervix
GC/Chlamydia PCR
Tx: Ceftriaoxone + Doxycycline (azithromycin)

36
Q

Cystitis Presentation

A 
Pt: Urgency, Frequency, Dysuria 
Dx: U/A
Tx: TMP-SMX
Nitrofurantion 
Fosfomycin 
Complicated-7d
Uncomplicated-3d
37
Q

Pyelonephritis Presentation

A 
Urgency, Frequency, Dysuria 
Fever/Chills
CVA tenderness 
Dx: U/A-WBC casts 
UCx
Tx: IV-Ceftriaxone (Hosp)
PO-Ciprofloxacin (ambulatory)
38
Q

Perinephric Abscess Presentation

A

Presents like pyelo without any improvement after treatment
Dx: Ct Scan/ US
Tx: Drain and pyelo antibiotics

39
Q

Asx bacteruria Treatment

A

no treatment needed unless pregnant-Amoxicillin

40
Q

Primary Syphilis Presentation

A

Singular, painless

Positive Lymphadenopathy, non-tender

41
Q

Secondary syphilis Presentation

A

Fever and rash, targetoid-affecting the palms and soles

42
Q

Tertiary Syphilis Presentation

A

Neurosyphilis
tabes dorsalis
Argyll Robertson Pupil

43
Q

Diagnostic Tests for Syphilis

A

primary-Dark Field microscopy
Secondary-RPR
Tertiary-LP, RPR CSF

44
Q

Syphilis Treatment

A

Primary-Penicillin
Secondary-Penicillin
Tertiary-Penicillin 10-14 days
Doxycycline if penicillin allergy

45
Q

Lymphogranuloma Venereum Presentation

A

Singular, Painless, Tender Lymphadenopathy, supparative, Drain
Dx: NAAT
Tx: Doxycycline

46
Q

Chancroid Presentation

A

singular painful ulcer, tender lymphadenopathy
Dx: Gram stain, Cx
Tx: Azithromycin or ciprofloxacin

47
Q

Herpes Presentation

A 
Painful Burning Prodrome
Painful Vesicles on Erythematous Base
Dx: PCR
Tx: Acyclovir
Foscarnet-if there is resistance
48
Q

Otitis Media Presentation

A 
Unilateral Ear Pain 
Relieved by pulling on the pinna 
Loss of light reflex of TM 
Bulging TM 
Tx: Amoxicillin 
Recurrent-Amxoicillin +Clavulanate
49
Q

Otitis Externa Presentation

A 
Swimmers Ear (Pseudomonnas)
Pt: Unilateral ear pain worse with pulling 
Ear Canal Erythematous 
Tx: Spontaneous resolution 
very sick-ciprofloxacin
50
Q

Sinusitis Presentation

A 
Congestion 
Bilateral Purulent Discharge 
Facial tap=pain 
Dx: Tx-supportive 
if temp >38C, Duration >10d, Worsening 
Tx: Give Amoxi-clav
51
Q

Pharyngitis Presentation

A

Sore throat, Odynophagia

Tx: Amox-clav

52
Q

CENTOR

A 
Cough +1
Exudates +1
Nodes +1
Temp >38C +1
or <14(+1), >44 (-1)
53
Q

Infective Endocarditis Presentation (Acute)

A

Pt: CHF, Bacteremia, Toxic, (-)Rheumatic Fever
Dx: Give Abx until Blood cultures are negative
TEE
Tx: 4-6 weeks of Abx
Vancomycin

54
Q

IE with prosthetic valve <60d Tx

A

Vancomycin + Gentamycin + Cefepime

55
Q

IE with prosthetic Valve >365d Tx

A

Vancomycin + Gentamycin + Ceftriaxone

USMLE STEP 2 CK RETAKE (15 decks)

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