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USMLE STEP 2 CK RETAKE > Infectious > Flashcards

Infectious Flashcards

1
Q

PPD >5mm

A

HIV/AIDs
Chemo
Transplant
Close patients

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2
Q

PPD >10mm

A 
Risk factors 
Healthcare 
Prison 
Homelessness 
Travel
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3
Q

PPD >15

A

No exposure “Soccer mom”

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4
Q

Rifampin AE

A

Red bodily fluids

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5
Q

Isoniazid AE

A

Peripheral neuropathy

give B6 with INH

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6
Q

Pyrazinamide AE

A

Hyperuricemia

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7
Q

Ethambutol AE

A

Eye Problems

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8
Q

Antiretroviral Syndrome Presentation

A

Pt: Flu-Like Illness
Negative for Flu, mono, ELISA
Dx: PCR for viral load
Tx: ARV-2+1

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9
Q

HIV Diagnostic tests

A
  1. HIV Ab ELISA
    2.CONFIRM with Western Blot
    (p24 Ag and HIV Ab)
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10
Q

Oppurtunistic infection CD4 Counts

A

<200-PCP
<100 Toxoplasmosis
<50 MAC

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11
Q

HIV AIDs PCP prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX
cant use Dapsone
G6PD Atarvoquone

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12
Q

HIV AIDs Toxoplasmosis Prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

Cant use-Pyrimethamine and leucovorin

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13
Q

HIV AIDs MAC prophylaxis

A

Azithromycin

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14
Q

Conditions that are unsafe for lumbar puncture

FAILS

A 
FND 
AMS
Immunosupressed 
Lesion 
Seizures
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15
Q

What do you do if they meet the FAILS criteria

A

give Abx 1st

then CT scan

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16
Q

Lumbar puncture reveals 1000’s PMNs causes of Brain Inflammation

A

Bacterial Cause

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17
Q

Lumbar Puncture Negative

A 
think of other causes 
Cryptococcus 
Lyme disease 
RMSF 
TB 
Syphilis
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18
Q

Brain Inflammation Lumbar Puncture shows Lymphocytes or a hemorrhagic tap

A

Encephalitis (HSV)

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19
Q

CT Scan shows mass lesion next step

A

HIV+

check for Toxo Ab

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20
Q

Toxo Ab negative next step

A

Brain Bx

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21
Q

Encephalitis

A

Lymphocytes on Lumbar Puncture
Tx: Acyclovir
Dx: HSV PCR

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22
Q

Cellulitis Presentation

A

Pt: Red, hot, tender

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23
Q

Non-toxic Cellulitis Treatment

A

Strep-1st gen cephalosporin
Staph- TMP-SMX
clindamycin

24
Q

Toxic/Septic Cellulitis Treatment

A

Pip/tazo
Ampicillin/sulbactam
Vancomycin, linezolid, clindamycin IV

25
Osteomyelitis Presentation DX, Tx
``` Probe wound hits bone Recurrent or refractory cellulitis Dx: x-ray MRI Biopsy Tx: Debridement 4-6 wks Abx ```
26
Community acquired Pneumonia time and causes
``` More than 90 days from the building (healthcare setting) S. Pneumo (MC) K. Pneumoniae (Aspiration) H. Flu (COPD) S. Aureus (post-viral) Legionella (immunosupressed) ```
27
CAP treatment
3rd gen cephalosporin + Macrolide (Azithromycin)
28
Hospital Acquired pneumonia time and causes
less than 48 hours Pseudomonnas MRSA
29
HAP treatment
Pip/tazo, Vancomycin
30
Cavitary lesion on CXR
perform CT scan to determine | Fungus, Abscess, TB
31
Abscess tx
3rd gen cephalosporin + clindamycin
32
Complicated UTIs (the four Ps)
Penis Plastic Procedure Pyelonephritis
33
Uncomplicated Cystitis
Non-pregnant Female
34
U/A of UTI
Leukocyte esterase Nitrates >10 WBC/HPF
35
Urethritis Presentation
Discharge from the penis or cervix GC/Chlamydia PCR Tx: Ceftriaoxone + Doxycycline (azithromycin)
36
Cystitis Presentation
``` Pt: Urgency, Frequency, Dysuria Dx: U/A Tx: TMP-SMX Nitrofurantion Fosfomycin Complicated-7d Uncomplicated-3d ```
37
Pyelonephritis Presentation
``` Urgency, Frequency, Dysuria Fever/Chills CVA tenderness Dx: U/A-WBC casts UCx Tx: IV-Ceftriaxone (Hosp) PO-Ciprofloxacin (ambulatory) ```
38
Perinephric Abscess Presentation
Presents like pyelo without any improvement after treatment Dx: Ct Scan/ US Tx: Drain and pyelo antibiotics
39
Asx bacteruria Treatment
no treatment needed unless pregnant-Amoxicillin
40
Primary Syphilis Presentation
Singular, painless | Positive Lymphadenopathy, non-tender
41
Secondary syphilis Presentation
Fever and rash, targetoid-affecting the palms and soles
42
Tertiary Syphilis Presentation
Neurosyphilis tabes dorsalis Argyll Robertson Pupil
43
Diagnostic Tests for Syphilis
primary-Dark Field microscopy Secondary-RPR Tertiary-LP, RPR CSF
44
Syphilis Treatment
Primary-Penicillin Secondary-Penicillin Tertiary-Penicillin 10-14 days Doxycycline if penicillin allergy
45
Lymphogranuloma Venereum Presentation
Singular, Painless, Tender Lymphadenopathy, supparative, Drain Dx: NAAT Tx: Doxycycline
46
Chancroid Presentation
singular painful ulcer, tender lymphadenopathy Dx: Gram stain, Cx Tx: Azithromycin or ciprofloxacin
47
Herpes Presentation
``` Painful Burning Prodrome Painful Vesicles on Erythematous Base Dx: PCR Tx: Acyclovir Foscarnet-if there is resistance ```
48
Otitis Media Presentation
``` Unilateral Ear Pain Relieved by pulling on the pinna Loss of light reflex of TM Bulging TM Tx: Amoxicillin Recurrent-Amxoicillin +Clavulanate ```
49
Otitis Externa Presentation
``` Swimmers Ear (Pseudomonnas) Pt: Unilateral ear pain worse with pulling Ear Canal Erythematous Tx: Spontaneous resolution very sick-ciprofloxacin ```
50
Sinusitis Presentation
``` Congestion Bilateral Purulent Discharge Facial tap=pain Dx: Tx-supportive if temp >38C, Duration >10d, Worsening Tx: Give Amoxi-clav ```
51
Pharyngitis Presentation
Sore throat, Odynophagia | Tx: Amox-clav
52
CENTOR
``` Cough +1 Exudates +1 Nodes +1 Temp >38C +1 or <14(+1), >44 (-1) ```
53
Infective Endocarditis Presentation (Acute)
Pt: CHF, Bacteremia, Toxic, (-)Rheumatic Fever Dx: Give Abx until Blood cultures are negative TEE Tx: 4-6 weeks of Abx Vancomycin
54
IE with prosthetic valve <60d Tx
Vancomycin + Gentamycin + Cefepime
55
IE with prosthetic Valve >365d Tx
Vancomycin + Gentamycin + Ceftriaxone

USMLE STEP 2 CK RETAKE (15 decks)

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