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DOOS 2 > Nephrology > Flashcards

Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

mumps

A

Orchitis

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2
Q

postbuertal males

A

Orchitis

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3
Q

Cigarette smoking

A

Bladder Cancer

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)

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4
Q

Most common renal malignancy

A

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

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5
Q

normochromic anemia

A

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

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6
Q

Most common solid renal tumor in child

A 
Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
-has anemia
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7
Q

Most common malignancy in young men

A

Testicular Cancer

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8
Q

Emergent masses

A 
Paraphymosis
Testicular torsion (surgical emergency)
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9
Q

Painless masses

A

Testicular Cancer (solid, testicular swelling)
Hydrocele (soft, wax and wane in size)
Variocele (chronic, mass, not transluminate)
Nephroblastoma (Will’s tumor)

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10
Q

Transluminates

A

Hydrocele (painless, soft, tunica vaginalis)

Spermatocele (painful, round, firm, sup/post)

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11
Q

Hx of cyptochidism can lead to

A

Testicular torsion

Testicular cancer

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12
Q

Severe unilateral pain with scrotal swelling

A

Testicular torsion (sx emergency)

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13
Q

Which side is more common for a variocele

A

Left

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14
Q

Bag of worms

A

Varicocele

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15
Q

Chlamydia and gonococci can cause what type of infection in men

A

Epidydymitis < 35

>35 think E. coli

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16
Q

Positive Phrehn’s sign

Negative Phrehn’s sign

A 
Epidydymitis (+)
Testicular torsion (-)

means pain goes away when elevate the scrotum/testicle

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17
Q

bone pain goes w/?

A

prostate cancer

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18
Q

40-70 yo + hematuria and nothing else

cystoscopy definitive

A

bladder cancer

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19
Q

treat with insulin therapy

A

metabolic acidosis

hyperkalemia

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20
Q

sudden high fever w/ low back pain and perineal pain

A

prostatitis

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21
Q

sarcoidosis

A

hypercalcemia

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22
Q

tx with IV calcium gluconate

A

Hypocalcemia
Hypermagnasemia
Hyperkalemia

Calcium carbonate for hyperphosphatemia

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23
Q

reduced DTR

A

Hypermagnesemia (also bleeding and clotting time increased)

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24
Q

Trousseau sign

A

Hypocalcemia (bend wrists in/flex)

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25
Q

Chvostek sign

A

Hypocalcemia (twitch to side of cheek when tap by TMJ)

26
Q

Can cause pulmonary or cerebral emdema

A

rapid correction of hypernatremia

27
Q

Can cause central pontine myelinolysis

A

rapid correction of hyponatremia

28
Q

desmopressin low

A

Diabetes insipidus (central)

29
Q

Peak T waves

A

Hyperkalemia

30
Q

Flattened or inverted T waves

A

Hypokalemia

31
Q

Use hypertonic saline

A

Na < 120

32
Q

Widened QRS

A

Hypermagnesemia

33
Q

retinal sheen

skin striae

A

Nephrotic syndrome

34
Q

oval fat body

A

Nephrotic syndrome

35
Q

ADPKD vs ARPKD

A

Dominant >40

Recessive, neonate death

36
Q

Calcium nephrlithiasis vs Uric acid nephrolithiasis

A

calcium radiopaque

urica acid radiolucent

37
Q

unilateral pain that waxes and wanes

1) anterior abdomen
2) ipsilateral groin, testicle/labia
3) pelvis and urinary frequency and urgency

A

nephrolithiasis

1) upper
2) lower
3) UVJ

38
Q

helical CT imaging choice for?

A

nephrolithiasis

39
Q

gold standard for stone >10mm

A

nephrostomy

40
Q

metallic taste

A

Chronic kidney disease

41
Q

Asterixis

A

CKD
(Wilson’s disease, liver failure, cirrhosis, etc)

liver flap

42
Q

tea colored urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

43
Q

RBC casts

A

Glomerulonephritis

44
Q

Anuria
Oliguria
Polyuria

A

50-100mL
100-480mL
>3L

in 24 hours

45
Q

dysmorphic red cells

A

glomerular injury (inflammation)

46
Q

> 5 neutrophils

A

concerning

47
Q

WBC casts

A

Pyelonephritis
Tubular interstitial disease
Drug reaction/toxicity

48
Q

Fatty cast

A

nephrotic syndrome

49
Q

Waxy cast

A

alone–chronic dilation

+brown–ARI (renal)

50
Q

phosphate crystals

A

not diagnostically significant

51
Q

Indanavir cyrstals

A

HIV medication

52
Q

triad for RCC

A
  1. hematuria (60%)
  2. abdominal mass (45%)
  3. pain (40%)

all 3 only seen in 10%

53
Q

foot process effacement

A

MCD

54
Q

primary glomerular problem w/ 50% in ESRD

A

FSGS

55
Q

rule of 1/3

A

Membranous nephropathy
1/3 Remission
1/3 persistent
1/3 ESRD

56
Q

Primary glomerular seen w/ Hep C

A

MPGN

57
Q

Fanconi Syndrome

A

TIN (CKD)

glycosuria, phosphatura, aminouria

58
Q

Intetertitial CKD

  1. autosomal
  2. infiltrate
  3. infectious
  4. allergic
A
  1. lupus
  2. sarcoidosis
  3. legionares
  4. drug allergy
59
Q

Drugs that cause stones (6)

A 
Sulfa
MTX
Acyclovir
Triampterene
Ethylene glycol
Protease inhibitors (Indanavir)
60
Q

Drugs that cause AKI
(4 main)
(5 other)

A

Aminoglycosides
Radiocontrast
NSAIDS
ACE/ARB

other: cyclosporin, tacrolimus, heme pigments, cisplatin, diretics

61
Q

Drugs that work on the Kidney

  • PCT
  • LofH
  • DCT
  • CD
A
  • PCT: Manitol
  • LofH: loop diuretics (furosemide/lasix)
  • DCT: Thiazides
  • CD: potassium sparing diuretics (spiranolactone, triamterene, etc)

DOOS 2 (6 decks)

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