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DOOS 2 > Nephrology > Flashcards

Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

mumps

A

Orchitis

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2
Q

postbuertal males

A

Orchitis

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3
Q

Cigarette smoking

A

Bladder Cancer

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)

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4
Q

Most common renal malignancy

A

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

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5
Q

normochromic anemia

A

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

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6
Q

Most common solid renal tumor in child

A 
Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
-has anemia
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7
Q

Most common malignancy in young men

A

Testicular Cancer

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8
Q

Emergent masses

A 
Paraphymosis
Testicular torsion (surgical emergency)
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9
Q

Painless masses

A

Testicular Cancer (solid, testicular swelling)
Hydrocele (soft, wax and wane in size)
Variocele (chronic, mass, not transluminate)
Nephroblastoma (Will’s tumor)

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10
Q

Transluminates

A

Hydrocele (painless, soft, tunica vaginalis)

Spermatocele (painful, round, firm, sup/post)

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11
Q

Hx of cyptochidism can lead to

A

Testicular torsion

Testicular cancer

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12
Q

Severe unilateral pain with scrotal swelling

A

Testicular torsion (sx emergency)

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13
Q

Which side is more common for a variocele

A

Left

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14
Q

Bag of worms

A

Varicocele

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15
Q

Chlamydia and gonococci can cause what type of infection in men

A

Epidydymitis < 35

>35 think E. coli

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16
Q

Positive Phrehn’s sign

Negative Phrehn’s sign

A 
Epidydymitis (+)
Testicular torsion (-)

means pain goes away when elevate the scrotum/testicle

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17
Q

bone pain goes w/?

A

prostate cancer

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18
Q

40-70 yo + hematuria and nothing else

cystoscopy definitive

A

bladder cancer

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19
Q

treat with insulin therapy

A

metabolic acidosis

hyperkalemia

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20
Q

sudden high fever w/ low back pain and perineal pain

A

prostatitis

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21
Q

sarcoidosis

A

hypercalcemia

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22
Q

tx with IV calcium gluconate

A

Hypocalcemia
Hypermagnasemia
Hyperkalemia

Calcium carbonate for hyperphosphatemia

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23
Q

reduced DTR

A

Hypermagnesemia (also bleeding and clotting time increased)

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24
Q

Trousseau sign

A

Hypocalcemia (bend wrists in/flex)

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25
Chvostek sign
Hypocalcemia (twitch to side of cheek when tap by TMJ)
26
Can cause pulmonary or cerebral emdema
rapid correction of hypernatremia
27
Can cause central pontine myelinolysis
rapid correction of hyponatremia
28
desmopressin low
Diabetes insipidus (central)
29
Peak T waves
Hyperkalemia
30
Flattened or inverted T waves
Hypokalemia
31
Use hypertonic saline
Na < 120
32
Widened QRS
Hypermagnesemia
33
retinal sheen | skin striae
Nephrotic syndrome
34
oval fat body
Nephrotic syndrome
35
ADPKD vs ARPKD
Dominant >40 | Recessive, neonate death
36
Calcium nephrlithiasis vs Uric acid nephrolithiasis
calcium radiopaque | urica acid radiolucent
37
unilateral pain that waxes and wanes 1) anterior abdomen 2) ipsilateral groin, testicle/labia 3) pelvis and urinary frequency and urgency
nephrolithiasis 1) upper 2) lower 3) UVJ
38
helical CT imaging choice for?
nephrolithiasis
39
gold standard for stone >10mm
nephrostomy
40
metallic taste
Chronic kidney disease
41
Asterixis
CKD (Wilson's disease, liver failure, cirrhosis, etc) liver flap
42
tea colored urine
Glomerulonephritis
43
RBC casts
Glomerulonephritis
44
Anuria Oliguria Polyuria
50-100mL 100-480mL >3L in 24 hours
45
dysmorphic red cells
glomerular injury (inflammation)
46
>5 neutrophils
concerning
47
WBC casts
Pyelonephritis Tubular interstitial disease Drug reaction/toxicity
48
Fatty cast
nephrotic syndrome
49
Waxy cast
alone--chronic dilation | +brown--ARI (renal)
50
phosphate crystals
not diagnostically significant
51
Indanavir cyrstals
HIV medication
52
triad for RCC
1. hematuria (60%) 2. abdominal mass (45%) 3. pain (40%) all 3 only seen in 10%
53
foot process effacement
MCD
54
primary glomerular problem w/ 50% in ESRD
FSGS
55
rule of 1/3
Membranous nephropathy 1/3 Remission 1/3 persistent 1/3 ESRD
56
Primary glomerular seen w/ Hep C
MPGN
57
Fanconi Syndrome
TIN (CKD) | glycosuria, phosphatura, aminouria
58
Intetertitial CKD 1. autosomal 2. infiltrate 3. infectious 4. allergic
1. lupus 2. sarcoidosis 3. legionares 4. drug allergy
59
Drugs that cause stones (6)
``` Sulfa MTX Acyclovir Triampterene Ethylene glycol Protease inhibitors (Indanavir) ```
60
Drugs that cause AKI (4 main) (5 other)
Aminoglycosides Radiocontrast NSAIDS ACE/ARB other: cyclosporin, tacrolimus, heme pigments, cisplatin, diretics
61
Drugs that work on the Kidney - PCT - LofH - DCT - CD
- PCT: Manitol - LofH: loop diuretics (furosemide/lasix) - DCT: Thiazides - CD: potassium sparing diuretics (spiranolactone, triamterene, etc)

DOOS 2 (6 decks)

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