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Heme/Onc word association Flashcards

1
Q

blood loss from GI, pallor, easy fatigability. PICA, Plummer-Vinson synd. Smear shows hypochromic microcytic, target cells. Plasma ferritin low. Tx: ferrous sulfate

A

Iron def anemia

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2
Q

gene deletion. Smear show acathrocytes for minor and poikilocytes for major. Retic increased. Tx: folic acid suppl

A

Thalassemia A

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3
Q

point mutation. Shows up 4-6 months with HSM and jaundice. Minor has Hgb A2 on Hgb electro and basophilic stippling on smear. Major has poikilocytes and baso stippling on smear, low hct. Tx: blood transfusion

A

Thalassemia B

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4
Q

organ failure. Normochromic normocytic. Increased iron stores and serum ferritin. Serum iron and trasnferrin extremely low. Tx: underlying dz

A

Anemia of chronic dz

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5
Q

T cell mediated autoimmune suppression of hematopoiesis

A

Impaired BM fxn

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6
Q

purpura, pancytopenia. Tx: mild=transfusion of RBC and platelets. Severe= BM transplant or immunosupp

A

Aplastic anemia

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7
Q

low WBC, BM needed for dx

A

Myelodysplastic syndrome

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8
Q

acquired. Caused by myelodysplasia. BM= ringed sideroblasts. Fe increased. Smear is norm and hypochromic cells. Tx: blood transfusion

A

Sideroblastic anemia

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9
Q

frailty, muscle weakness, impaired cog fxn. Hgb>10. Tx: tx cause

A

Elderly anemia

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10
Q

poor diet. Common with MTX and phenytoin. Sore tongue. Smear= macro-ovalocytes and hypersegmented polymorphonuclear cells. Howell-Jolly bodies. Tx: PO folic acid

A

Folic acid defic

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11
Q

pernicious anemia. Neuro damage. Absorbed in terminal ileum. Neuro= parasthesias, ataxia, confusion. Retic reduced. B12 decreased. Tx: B12 supplementation

A

B12 def

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12
Q

RBC destruction. Rapid onset jaundice and infection with parvo B19. Retic elevated. Smear= teardrop cells and target cells. Coombs +. High serum LDH. Tx: glucocorticoids

A

Hemolytic anemia

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13
Q

RBC short life span. AVN of femoral head. Painful crisis. Electro Hgb S in cells. Smear= Howell-Jolly. Retic elevated. Tx: analgesics, hydroxyurea. Splenectomy

A

Sickle cell anemia

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14
Q

x-linked, black. Oxidative stress and infection. Retic elevated, indir bili increased. Smear=Heinz bodies. Tx: self limited

A

G6PD defic

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15
Q
A

Neutropenia

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16
Q

>10,000. Secondary.

A

Leukocytosis

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17
Q

plt

A

Thrombocytopenia

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18
Q

myeloid cells>350,000. WBC inc. caused by infx, inflame, Fe def, B12 def, alcohol,Ca. tx: ASA, Anticoags. Essential throm= hydroxyurea, anagrelide, interfereon

A

Thrombocytosis

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19
Q

autoimmune destruction of spleen. Sx= mucosal bleed, after viral illness. Low plt and slightly enlarged. BM= megakaryocytes. Evan’s syndrome smear= anemia, reticulocytosis and spherocytosis. Tx: prednisone, splenectomy

A

ITP

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20
Q

non-immune. Pentat= fever, neuro, renal fail, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and inc serum LDH. Smear= fragmented RBC. Reduced protease. Elevated Indir bili and elevated LDH. Tx: Lg Vol plasmapheresis

A

TTP

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21
Q

kids after diarrhea. Adults who take estrogen. RBC frag. Elevated LDH. Renal bx= necrosis and thrombi. Tx: conservative mgmt.

A

HUS

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22
Q

non-immune plt. Life threatening. Caused by sepsis, severe tiss injury, bad proteins. Trousseau synd. Hypofibrinogenemia, plt low, prolonged PT. fragmented RBC. Tx: tx underlying illness, platelet transfusion.

A

DIC

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23
Q

elevated RBC count. 60y male. Most common result of thrombosis. May lead to myelofibrosis. Wears out BM. Sx= splenomegaly, inc blood viscosity and volume. PE= plethora. Smear= neutrophilic leukocytosis, inc basophils and eosinophils. Iron stores absent. JAK2+ and EPO low.tx: phlebotomy, ASA daily, hydrea

A

Primary polycythemia

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24
Q

elevated RBC count. 60 y male. Most common result of thrombosis. May lead to myelofibrosis. Caused by chronic hypoxia, circulating factor EPO, pulm dz. Sx= splenomegaly, inc blood viscosity and volume. PE= plethora. Smear= neutrophilic leukocytosis, inc basophils and eosinophils. Iron stores absent. Elevated EPO. Tx: phlebotomy, ASA daily, hydrea

A

Secondary Polycethemia

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25
excess all cell lines. Sx=Splenomegaly, arterial/venous thrombosis. HCT above normal, JAK2 +. Tx: phlebotomy, low Fe diet
Polycythemia vera
26
excess plt prod. Sx: thrombosis. Smear=large plt. BM= inc number megakaryocytes. Tx: Hydroxyurea
Essential thombocythemia
27
fibrosis of marrow. Sx= abd fullness, hepatomegaly. Smear= tear-drop pikylocytosis, leukoerythroblastic blood and giant degranulated plt. Tx: supportive
Myelofibrosis
28
reduced factor8. Sx= bleeding. Tx: desmopressin and factor 8
Von Willebrand dz
29
factor 8. X-linked. Sx= spont hem episodes. Prolonged aPTT. Tx= desmopressin and factor8
Hemophilia A
30
factor 9. Tx: fresh frozen plasma
Hemophilia B
31
sx= Post Op. PT and aPTT prolonged. Factor 2,7,9,10 decreased. Tx: vit K, fresh frozen plasma
Vit K dependent deficiencies
32
ACS 7 warning signs of cancer
CAUTION Change in bowel or bladder habits. A sore that does not heal. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Thickening of lump in breast or elsewhere. Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing. Obvious change in wart or mole. Nagging cough or hoarseness
33
low socioeconomic status, physical inactivity. Age. Screen at 50 y up to
Colorectal CA
34
sx= nipple discharge, skin changes. Mammo show microcalcifications. Tx= breast conserving therapies with radiation, mastectomy
Breast CA
35
\>40y DRE. Sx= hesitancy, dribbling, urgency, nocturia. PSA elevated. Tx= active surveillance, prostatectomy
Prostate CA
36
adenocarcinoma. Sx= hoarsness, hemoptysis. CXR first modality.
Lung CA
37
in apex of lung= extreme numbness and arm pain
Pancost
38
derived from endocrine cells. Sx= present late . tx: chemo
Small cell
39
adenocarcinoma, smoking association. Central. Sx= ulcerate and bleed and bronchial obstruction. Tx: surgery
Non-small cell
40
sx= constipation, fatigue, anorexia. Tx= saline hydration, glucocorticoids
Hypercalcemia
41
sx= anorexia, confusion, depression, lethargy. Tx= water restriction, demeclocycline
SIADH
42
sx= anorexia, ortho hypotension. Tx= IV cortisone
Adrenal insuff
43
sx= facial swelling, dyspnea, dilated neck veins, collateral chest wall veins. CXR= widened superior mediastinum. Tx= ONC emergency. Radiation to shrink and anticoags
SVC syndrome
44
sx= back pain with point tenderness, incontinence, weakness, +Babinski sign. XR= winking owl. Tx= Onc emergency= radiation, dexamethasone
Spinal cord compression
45
WBC
Febrile neutropenia
46
proliferation of immature myeloid cells. Sx= gingival hyperplasia, recurrent infx, bone pain. Adults \>60y. Pancytopenia with circulating blasts. BM bx confirms. Auer rods. BM= hypercellular. Tx= combo chemo
AML
47
lymphoid stem cells in BM that invade lymph neds. Sx= bone pain in long bones, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly. Kids 3-7 y. Pancytopenia with circulating blasts. BM bx confirms. CXR= mediasstinal mass. Term deoxy trans. Philadelphia chrom +. Tx= combo chemo
ALL
48
prolif of immature granulocytes. Sx= abd fullness, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly. 30-50y. inc number of granulocytes. Philadelphia chrom +. Smear= smudge cells. BM= hypercellular with L shift. Tx= Gleevec- tyrosine kinase inhibitor
CML
49
mature B lymphocytes that invade BM. Sx= periph lymphocytosis, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Richter’s synd= isolated node transforms to aggressive. Men \>50y. Lymphocytosis with leukocytosis. Smear show anemia and thrombocytosis. BM= well differentiated lymphocytes. Chrom abnorm(tri 21). Tx= Binet staging= A(no tx), B(alkylating agent and radiation), C(chlorambucil with prednisone)
CLL
50
enlargement of lymphoid tissue. Reed-Sternberg Cells. Women 20-40 y \>50y. sx= painless cervical, supraclavicular and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, excessive night sweating. Bx show Reed-sternberg cells. Tx= combo chemo, radiation therapy.
Hodkin dz
51
group of malig that arise from lymphocytes. B lymphocytes. \>50ysx= diffuse or isolated, painless, persistent lymphadenopathy. Bx done for dx. Tx= single node(radiation), low grade(rituximab), aggressive(allogeneic transplant), high grade(chemo and stem cell)
Non-hodgkin lymphoma
52
malig of plasma cells d/t herpes virus. Bone destruction and can lead to spinal cord compression. Recurrent infx. Paraprotein levels are increased. 65y, men, black. Sx= bone pain. Monoclonal gammopathy on serum or urine protein electro. Xr= lytic lesions. Tx= Lenalidomide, dexamethasone and doxorubicin. Bisphos as adjunct.
Multiple myeloma
53
# Disease to information Iron def anemia
blood loss from GI, pallor, easy fatigability. PICA, Plummer-Vinson synd. Smear shows hypochromic microcytic, target cells. Plasma ferritin low. Tx: ferrous sulfate
54
# Disease to information Thalassemia A
gene deletion. Smear show acathrocytes for minor and poikilocytes for major. Retic increased. Tx: folic acid suppl
55
# Disease to information Thalassemia B
point mutation. Shows up 4-6 months with HSM and jaundice. Minor has Hgb A2 on Hgb electro and basophilic stippling on smear. Major has poikilocytes and baso stippling on smear, low hct. Tx: blood transfusion
56
# Disease to information Anemia of chronic dz
organ failure. Normochromic normocytic. Increased iron stores and serum ferritin. Serum iron and trasnferrin extremely low. Tx: underlying dz
57
# Disease to information Impaired BM fxn
T cell mediated autoimmune suppression of hematopoiesis
58
# Disease to information Aplastic anemia
purpura, pancytopenia. Tx: mild=transfusion of RBC and platelets. Severe= BM transplant or immunosupp
59
# Disease to information Myelodysplastic syndrome
low WBC, BM needed for dx
60
# Disease to information Sideroblastic anemia
acquired. Caused by myelodysplasia. BM= ringed sideroblasts. Fe increased. Smear is norm and hypochromic cells. Tx: blood transfusion
61
# Disease to information Elderly anemia
frailty, muscle weakness, impaired cog fxn. Hgb\>10. Tx: tx cause
62
# Disease to information Folic acid defic
poor diet. Common with MTX and phenytoin. Sore tongue. Smear= macro-ovalocytes and hypersegmented polymorphonuclear cells. Howell-Jolly bodies. Tx: PO folic acid
63
# Disease to information B12 def
pernicious anemia. Neuro damage. Absorbed in terminal ileum. Neuro= parasthesias, ataxia, confusion. Retic reduced. B12 decreased. Tx: B12 supplementation
64
# Disease to information Hemolytic anemia
RBC destruction. Rapid onset jaundice and infection with parvo B19. Retic elevated. Smear= teardrop cells and target cells. Coombs +. High serum LDH. Tx: glucocorticoids
65
# Disease to information Sickle cell anemia
RBC short life span. AVN of femoral head. Painful crisis. Electro Hgb S in cells. Smear= Howell-Jolly. Retic elevated. Tx: analgesics, hydroxyurea. Splenectomy
66
# Disease to information G6PD defic
x-linked, black. Oxidative stress and infection. Retic elevated, indir bili increased. Smear=Heinz bodies. Tx: self limited
67
# Disease to information Neutropenia
68
# Disease to information Leukocytosis
\>10,000. Secondary.
69
# Disease to information Thrombocytopenia
plt
70
# Disease to information Thrombocytosis
myeloid cells\>350,000. WBC inc. caused by infx, inflame, Fe def, B12 def, alcohol,Ca. tx: ASA, Anticoags. Essential throm= hydroxyurea, anagrelide, interfereon
71
# Disease to information ITP
autoimmune destruction of spleen. Sx= mucosal bleed, after viral illness. Low plt and slightly enlarged. BM= megakaryocytes. Evan’s syndrome smear= anemia, reticulocytosis and spherocytosis. Tx: prednisone, splenectomy
72
# Disease to information TTP
non-immune. Pentat= fever, neuro, renal fail, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and inc serum LDH. Smear= fragmented RBC. Reduced protease. Elevated Indir bili and elevated LDH. Tx: Lg Vol plasmapheresis
73
# Disease to information HUS
kids after diarrhea. Adults who take estrogen. RBC frag. Elevated LDH. Renal bx= necrosis and thrombi. Tx: conservative mgmt.
74
# Disease to information DIC
non-immune plt. Life threatening. Caused by sepsis, severe tiss injury, bad proteins. Trousseau synd. Hypofibrinogenemia, plt low, prolonged PT. fragmented RBC. Tx: tx underlying illness, platelet transfusion.
75
# Disease to information Primary polycythemia
elevated RBC count. 60y male. Most common result of thrombosis. May lead to myelofibrosis. Wears out BM. Sx= splenomegaly, inc blood viscosity and volume. PE= plethora. Smear= neutrophilic leukocytosis, inc basophils and eosinophils. Iron stores absent. JAK2+ and EPO low.tx: phlebotomy, ASA daily, hydrea
76
# Disease to information Secondary Polycethemia
elevated RBC count. 60 y male. Most common result of thrombosis. May lead to myelofibrosis. Caused by chronic hypoxia, circulating factor EPO, pulm dz. Sx= splenomegaly, inc blood viscosity and volume. PE= plethora. Smear= neutrophilic leukocytosis, inc basophils and eosinophils. Iron stores absent. Elevated EPO. Tx: phlebotomy, ASA daily, hydrea
77
# Disease to information Polycythemia vera
excess all cell lines. Sx=Splenomegaly, arterial/venous thrombosis. HCT above normal, JAK2 +. Tx: phlebotomy, low Fe diet
78
# Disease to information Essential thombocythemia
excess plt prod. Sx: thrombosis. Smear=large plt. BM= inc number megakaryocytes. Tx: Hydroxyurea
79
# Disease to information Myelofibrosis
fibrosis of marrow. Sx= abd fullness, hepatomegaly. Smear= tear-drop pikylocytosis, leukoerythroblastic blood and giant degranulated plt. Tx: supportive
80
# Disease to information Von Willebrand dz
reduced factor8. Sx= bleeding. Tx: desmopressin and factor 8
81
# Disease to information Hemophilia A
factor 8. X-linked. Sx= spont hem episodes. Prolonged aPTT. Tx= desmopressin and factor8
82
# Disease to information Hemophilia B
factor 9. Tx: fresh frozen plasma
83
# Disease to information Vit K dependent deficiencies
sx= Post Op. PT and aPTT prolonged. Factor 2,7,9,10 decreased. Tx: vit K, fresh frozen plasma
84
# Disease to information CAUTION Change in bowel or bladder habits. A sore that does not heal. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Thickening of lump in breast or elsewhere. Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing. Obvious change in wart or mole. Nagging cough or hoarseness
ACS 7 warning signs of cancer
85
# Disease to information Colorectal CA
low socioeconomic status, physical inactivity. Age. Screen at 50 y up to
86
# Disease to information Breast CA
sx= nipple discharge, skin changes. Mammo show microcalcifications. Tx= breast conserving therapies with radiation, mastectomy
87
# Disease to information Prostate CA
\>40y DRE. Sx= hesitancy, dribbling, urgency, nocturia. PSA elevated. Tx= active surveillance, prostatectomy
88
# Disease to information Lung CA
adenocarcinoma. Sx= hoarsness, hemoptysis. CXR first modality.
89
# Disease to information Pancost
in apex of lung= extreme numbness and arm pain
90
# Disease to information Small cell
derived from endocrine cells. Sx= present late . tx: chemo
91
# Disease to information Non-small cell
adenocarcinoma, smoking association. Central. Sx= ulcerate and bleed and bronchial obstruction. Tx: surgery
92
# Disease to information Hypercalcemia
sx= constipation, fatigue, anorexia. Tx= saline hydration, glucocorticoids
93
# Disease to information SIADH
sx= anorexia, confusion, depression, lethargy. Tx= water restriction, demeclocycline
94
# Disease to information Adrenal insuff
sx= anorexia, ortho hypotension. Tx= IV cortisone
95
# Disease to information SVC syndrome
sx= facial swelling, dyspnea, dilated neck veins, collateral chest wall veins. CXR= widened superior mediastinum. Tx= ONC emergency. Radiation to shrink and anticoags
96
# Disease to information Spinal cord compression
sx= back pain with point tenderness, incontinence, weakness, +Babinski sign. XR= winking owl. Tx= Onc emergency= radiation, dexamethasone
97
# Disease to information Febrile neutropenia
WBC
98
# Disease to information AML
proliferation of immature myeloid cells. Sx= gingival hyperplasia, recurrent infx, bone pain. Adults \>60y. Pancytopenia with circulating blasts. BM bx confirms. Auer rods. BM= hypercellular. Tx= combo chemo
99
# Disease to information ALL
lymphoid stem cells in BM that invade lymph neds. Sx= bone pain in long bones, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly. Kids 3-7 y. Pancytopenia with circulating blasts. BM bx confirms. CXR= mediasstinal mass. Term deoxy trans. Philadelphia chrom +. Tx= combo chemo
100
# Disease to information CML
prolif of immature granulocytes. Sx= abd fullness, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly. 30-50y. inc number of granulocytes. Philadelphia chrom +. Smear= smudge cells. BM= hypercellular with L shift. Tx= Gleevec- tyrosine kinase inhibitor
101
# Disease to information CLL
mature B lymphocytes that invade BM. Sx= periph lymphocytosis, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Richter’s synd= isolated node transforms to aggressive. Men \>50y. Lymphocytosis with leukocytosis. Smear show anemia and thrombocytosis. BM= well differentiated lymphocytes. Chrom abnorm(tri 21). Tx= Binet staging= A(no tx), B(alkylating agent and radiation), C(chlorambucil with prednisone)
102
# Disease to information Hodkin dz
enlargement of lymphoid tissue. Reed-Sternberg Cells. Women 20-40 y \>50y. sx= painless cervical, supraclavicular and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, excessive night sweating. Bx show Reed-sternberg cells. Tx= combo chemo, radiation therapy.
103
# Disease to information Non-hodgkin lymphoma
group of malig that arise from lymphocytes. B lymphocytes. \>50ysx= diffuse or isolated, painless, persistent lymphadenopathy. Bx done for dx. Tx= single node(radiation), low grade(rituximab), aggressive(allogeneic transplant), high grade(chemo and stem cell)
104
# Disease to information Multiple myeloma
malig of plasma cells d/t herpes virus. Bone destruction and can lead to spinal cord compression. Recurrent infx. Paraprotein levels are increased. 65y, men, black. Sx= bone pain. Monoclonal gammopathy on serum or urine protein electro. Xr= lytic lesions. Tx= Lenalidomide, dexamethasone and doxorubicin. Bisphos as adjunct.

DOOS 2 (6 decks)

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