Nephrology

Question 1

What is Nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 1

Proteinuria
Oedema
Hypoalbuminaemia <30g/L

Question 2

Most common cause of Neprotic syndrome in children is?

Answer 2

Minimal change disease

Question 3

Most common cause of Neprotic syndrome in adults is ?

Answer 3

Membranous glomerulonephritis
Focal segmented glomerulonephritis

Question 4

Cause of renal vein thrombosis is?

Answer 4

Loss of Antithrombin 111

Question 5

What are the features of acute pyelonephritis?

Answer 5

Loin pain,suprapubic pain
Recurrent UTI
Vomiting

Question 6

Treatment of Acute pyelonephritis?

Answer 6

Co-amoxiclav
Cefalexin

Question 7

When can acute tubular necrosis occur

Answer 7

When there is hypovolemic shock?
Prolonged ischemic event

Question 8

Characteristics of nephritis syndrome

Answer 8

Blood in urine
Protein in urine
Hypertension
Reduced cortical thickness

Question 9

What do you do to avoid renal damage from contracts

Answer 9

Adequate hydration

Question 10

Anuria,very high creatinine after Kidney transplant indicate?

Answer 10

Hemodialysis

Question 11

Test to diagnose Polycystic kidney disease

Answer 11

Ultrasound of the kidney,ureter and bladder.

Question 12

Low base excess indicates?

Answer 12

Metabolic disorder

Question 13

Positive Trousseau and Chvostek sign indicate?

Answer 13

Hypocalcemia

Question 14

What is normal calcium range

Answer 14

2.1 - 2.6

Question 15

Serum calcium <1.9 need to protect the heart with?

Answer 15

Calcium gluconate

Question 16

When does post streptococcal glomerulonephritis occur?

Answer 16

7-14 days after strep infection

Question 17

IgA nephropathy occurs when?

Answer 17

1-2days post URTI

Question 18

Test for nephrotic syndrome

Answer 18

24 hrs urine measurement for protein and creatinine

Question 19

Drug for high cholesterol?

Answer 19

Statin

Question 20

Renal failure that can be attributed to history of hypertension is called?

Answer 20

Hypertensive nephropathy

Question 21

What organism is responsible for UTI

Answer 21

E coli

Question 22

First line antibiotics to treat lower UTI

Answer 22

Trimethoprim
Nitrofuratoin

Question 23

Nephrotic syndrome is damage to what organ

Answer 23

Glomerulos

Question 24

Treatment of renal stone

Answer 24

Stone < 0.2 —-Fluid
Stone between 0.5-2cm. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
>2cm per cutaneous nephrostomy

Question 25

Important test for Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 25

CK

Question 26

Fusion of podocytes indicate

Answer 26

Minimal changes

Question 27

Nephrotic definitive test

Answer 27

Renal biopsy

Question 28

All diabetic patient who has microalbuminuria must be started on?

Answer 28

ACE inhibitors

Question 29

The release of myoglobin causes

Answer 29

Acute kidney injury

Question 30

Hematuria + Hypertension

Answer 30

Polycystic kidney disease

Question 31

When do you refer a patient to a nephrologist?

Answer 31

If there is a decrease in eGFR of 15ml or if the value is less than 30

Question 32

What is the main cause of vit D deficiency

Answer 32

Reduced activity of 1 alpha hydroxylation