Nephro/ Uro

Question 1

Pneumaturia with urinary tract infection causing dysuria, frequency, bacilluria

Answer 1

Colovesical fistula (usually secondary to pre-existing diverticulitis with adherence of inflamed sigmoid diverticulitis to the bladder dome)

Question 2

Node metastases of prostatic CA via lymphatic spread

Answer 2

pelvic nodes

Question 3

Curative in early prostate CA

Answer 3

radical prostatectomy

Question 4

Extrarenal manifestations of renal cell CA

Answer 4

bony metastases, isolated pulmonary metastasis (cannonball tumor), plethora, erythrocytosis

Question 5

Treatment of choice for locally advanced (T3) prostate CA

Answer 5

androgen deprivation therapy followed by external radiation beam therapy

Question 6

Severe hypertension associated with hypokalemia

Answer 6

Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome vs renal artery stenosis)

Question 7

Cause of Conn syndrome

Answer 7

adrenal adenoma producing excessive aldosterone secretion (primary hyperaldosteronism)

Question 8

Differentiate primary vs secondary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 8

primary - plasma renin is suppressed
secondary - plasma renin increased

also, imaging

Question 9

Diagnostic test for pelvic trauma to investigate for urethral or bladder injury

Answer 9

ascending urethrogram