Nephro Flashcards
False positive hematuria occurs in what urine pH?
Alkaline
What type of crystals can form in an acidic urine?
Uric acid
What type of crystals can form in an alkaline urine?
Phosphate
Nephrotic syndrome
PALE
Proteinuria
Albumin low
Lipids high
Edema
Most common cause of gross hematuria in the pediatric population
UTI
Documentation of prior streptococcal infection in the throat
ASO titer
Documentation of prior streptococcal infection in the skin
Antideoxyribonuclease B
Levels of what complement will decrease in PSGN
C3
C3 levels in PSGN will normalize after how many weeks
6-8 weeks
Phases of APSGN
Oliguric
Diuretic
Convalescent
What major noxious products of complement activation are produced after C3 activation
Anaphylatoxin
C5a
Best single antibody titer to document skin infection
DNAse B antigen
Causes of renal insufficiency that cause decreased C3
Pag wala na C3 sa jollibee, maglalakad ka na nag li-LIMPS
PSGN MPGN Lupus Nephritis Infective endocarditis Shunt nephritis
Patient presents with hematuria, HTN, and signs of renal insufficiency:
History of hemoptysis and severe respiratory distress
Goodpasture
Patient presents with hematuria, HTN, and signs of renal insufficiency:
3 weeks ago with SVI
Purpuric rash most prominent at the buttocks
Pain in joints
Henoch Schonlein
Patient presents with hematuria, HTN, and signs of renal insufficiency:
History of vomiting and bloody diarrhea and fever and eating hamburger
Hepatosplenomegaly
HUS
Sudden onset of gross hematuria
Febrile with URTI or GIT infection
Normal C3
IgA nephropathy ( Berger)
Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria during yearly check up
Wears thick glasses and hearing aid
Has uncles with same condition
Alport syndrome
Pathognomonic in Alport syndrome
Anterior lenticonus
Also called benign familial hematuria
Thin basement membrane disease
Treatment for minimal change disease
Corticosteroid therapy
Major complication of nephrotic syndrome
Infection
Most frequent type of infection in nephrotic syndrome
Bacterial peritonitis
Most common organism causing peritonitis
Pneumococcus
Site of pathology in MPGN
Subendothelial
Diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary walls
Granular IgG and C3
Subepithelial deposits of electron dense material
Spike and dome appearance
Membranous GN
Diffuse effacement of epithelial foot processes, no deposits
Minimal change
Large hypercellular glomeruli
Increased mesangial matrix
Double contour or tram track appearance
Membranoproliferative GN
Focal segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
Loss of foot processes, epithelial denudation
FSGS
Most common causes of UTI in children
E coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Most common serious bacterial infection in younger than 24 months
Pyelonephritis
Most specific test for UTI
Nitrite test 98%
Most sensitive test for UTI
Leukocyte esterase, nitrite or microscopy positive
Acute cystitis treatment
TMP SMX
Treatment for pyelonephritis
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Ampi genta
One of the most common cause of renal failure in young children
HUS
Symptoms of HUS
RAT
Renal failure
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Seen in PBS of patients with HUS
Schistocytes
Helmet cells
Burr cells
Treatment for HUS
Supportive
