Nephritic syndrome Flashcards
What is nephritic syndrome?
Haematuria with RBC casts
Sub-nephrotic range proteinuria
Raised BP
Progressive oliguria and renal impairment
What are the common causes of nephritic syndrome in children and adolescents?
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
IgA nephropathy
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
What are the common causes of nephritic syndrome in adults?
Abdominalabscesses Goodpasture syndrome HepatitisB or C Infective endocarditis Membranoproliferative GN I Membranoproliferative GN II Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis SLEorlupus nephritis Vasculitis Viral diseases such asmononucleosis,measles,mumps
Why does blood and protein appear in the urine in nephritic syndrome?
Inflammation affects the filtering capacity of glomerulus
What is the role of albumin with regards to fluid levels?
If albumin is lost, fluid collects in the body tissues. Albumin normally keeps fluid in the blood vessels
What are the common symptoms of nephritic syndrome?
Blood in urine (appears tea-coloured) Decreased urine output Oedema High BP Blurred vision Cough containing mucus or pink froth SOB Malaise Drowsiness, confusion, aches, headaches
What may examination show in nephritic syndrome?
High BP Abnormal heart and lung sounds Signs of excess fluid Enlarged liver Enlarged neck veins
What tests may be done in nephritic syndrome?
U&Es Creatinine Potassium Serum protein Urinalysis
What would a kidney biopsy show in nephritic syndrome?
inflammation of the glomeruli
What tests may be done to isolate the cause of nephritic syndrome?
ANA titer Anti-GBM antibody ANCA Blood culture Thoat/skin culture Serum complement
What is the basic treatment of nephritic syndrome?
Reduce inflammation in kidney Control BP Rest Restrict salt, fluids and potassium Dialysis may be needed and in extreme cases, renal transplant.
