Hypernatraemia Flashcards
1
Q
What are the signs and symptoms of hypernatraemia?
A
Lethargy Thirst Weakness Irritability Confusion Coma and fits Dehydration
2
Q
What are the signs of dehydration?
A
Tachycardia Postural drop in BP Decreased cap refill time Decreased urine output Cool peripheries Dry mucous membranes Decreased skin turgor Sunken eyes
3
Q
What are the lab features of hypernatraemia?
A
High sodium
Increased PCV
Increased albumin
Increased urea
4
Q
What are the causes of hypernatraemia?
A
Fluid loss without water replacement Incorrect IV fluid replacement DI Osmotic diuresis Primary aldosteronism
5
Q
When should DI be suspected in hypernatraemia?
A
Large urinary volume
Following head injury or CNS surgery (esp. pituitary)
6
Q
When should primary aldosteronism be suspected in hypernatraemia?
A
BP raised, potassium low and bicarb high
7
Q
What is the management of hypernatraemia?
A
Water orally
If not possible, dextrose 5% IV slowly
09% saline IV if hypovolaemic
Avoid hypertonic solutions
