Nephritic syndrome Flashcards
1
Q
I for Inflmmation and blood
Define Nephritic syndrome
A
refers to the clinical features which result from glomerular inflammation: haematuria, proteinuria, hypertension and oliguria.
2
Q
HOHO
Key Features of Nephritic Syndrome
A
- Hematuria – (macro / microscopic).
- Oliguria – Reduced urine output due to kidney dysfunction.
- HTN – Due to fluid retention.
- Oedema (swelling) – Often in the face and legs.
- < 3.5g /day proteinuria
3
Q
SHARP AIM
Nephritic Syndrome causes
A
- SLE
- HSP (Henoch–Schönlein purpura)
- Anti-GBM disease (also known as Goodpasture’s disease)
- RPGN
- Post-infectious GN, eg. streptococcal, infective endocarditis
- Alport syndrome
- IgA nephropathy (also known as Berger’s disease)
- MPGN (Membranoproliferative GN)
4
Q
Nephritic syndrome initial Ix
A
- Urinalysis: haematuria
- Urine MC&S
- Urine PCR: quantify proteinuria
- Bloods: FBC, UEs, LFTs, CRP, ESR
5
Q
Antibodies lab tests for nephritic syndrome
A
- Anti-GBM (glomerular basement membrane) Abs for Goodpasture syndrome
- p-ANCA Abs: microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)
- c-ANCA Abs: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
6
Q
Gold standard Ix for diagnosing the cause of nephritic syndrome
A
Renal bx
7
Q
what is the most common cause of nephritic syndrome
A
IgA nephropathy
8
Q
Nephritic syndrome conservative Mx
A
- Stop any causative medications
- Fluid and salt restriction - to help control hypertension and oedema
- A low potassium diet may be required in patients with hyperkalaemia
9
Q
nephritic syndrome medical Mx
A
- Treat underlying cause
- Anti-hypertensive
- Diurectics
- Immunosuppression
10
Q
nephritic syndrome complications
A
- Acute renal failure, including rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
- Hypertension may cause heart failure or encephalopathy
- Hyperkalaemia may lead to arrhythmias
- Uraemia due to renal failure may cause complications of pericarditis, encephalopathy etc.
