Nephritic And Nephrotic Conditions

Question 1

In basic terms what is glomerulonephritis?

Answer 1

Inflammation of the glomerulus

Question 2

What is the main abnormal finding in the urine for nephrotic conditions?

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

What does frothy urine indicate?

Answer 3

Heavy proteinaemia

Question 4

What abnormal finding in the urine would indicate a nephritic condition?

Answer 4

Hematuria, blood in urine

Question 5

What triad of symptoms is seen in nephrotic conditions?

Answer 5

Proteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema

Question 6

What triad of symptoms and signs are associated with nephritic conditions?

Answer 6

Hypertension, haematuria, reduction in GFR

Question 7

What is the biggest cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

Answer 7

Minimal change disease

Question 8

What are some causes of nephritic syndrome?

Answer 8

Rapidly progressive GN, post streptococcal GN, goodpasture’s and berger’s disease

Question 9

How would you manage a patient with nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 9

Diuretics, salt and fluid restriction for oedema
Ace inhibitor for proteinuria
Monitor cholesterol
Try and treat underlying condition

Question 10

How would you manage a patient with nephritic syndrome?

Answer 10

Reduce blood pressure, reduce any oedema, treat underlying cause and manage cardiovascular risk