Diuretics Flashcards
What are the 5 main classes of diuretics?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, osmotic, loop, potassium sparing, thiazide diuretics
Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act?
PCT- proximal convoluted tubule
How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act to increase urine volume by reducing sodium reabsorption?
Inhibits production of HCO3- which prevents the Na+ being transported out into the blood with HCO3-
What type of diuretic is mannitol?
Osmotic diuretics
How do osmotic diuretics work to increase water loss?
It increases the osmolality of filtrate drawing water into tubule to be excreted. Freely filtered in glomerulus but no tranporters to remove it from filtrate
Why would you not use osmotic diuretics on a patient with congestive heart failure?
As it moves through the blood to the kidneys it will draw in water into the plasma increasing the blood volume
What is the only diuretic which can have a side effect of hypernatraemia?
Osmotic diuretics
Where do loop diuretics act in the nephron?
The loop of henle
What are the most potent type of diuretics?
Loop diuretics
Butemanide and Furosemide are examples of which type of diuretic?
Loop diuretics
Which type of diuretics are suitable for emergency situations such as: severe oedema, acute pulmonary oedema, acute hyperkalaemia and acute hypercalcaemia?
Loop diuretics
What are some side effects of loop diuretics?
Hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia, hyponatraemia, hypovolaemia, postural hypotension
Where do thiazides and thiazide like diuretics act in the nephron?
Distal tubule (DCT)
Bendroflumethiazide and indapamide are examples of what type of diuretics?
Thiazide diuretics
What can thiazide and thiazide like diuretics be used to treat?
Essential hypertension, mild heart failure, calcium nephrolithiasis, osteoporosis
