Cancers Of The Urinary Tract And Prostate Flashcards
Where does renal cell carcinoma affect?
The parenchyma of the kidney
What is the peak age of incidence of renal cell carcinoma?
60-70 year olds
How does renal cell carcinoma present?
Haematuria, non specific symptoms (fever, weight losss, fatigue, mass in loin)
If advanced: hypercalcaemia, varicoele
How would investigate suspected renal cell carcinoma?
Ultrasound/CT and flexible cytoscopy
What is the treatment for renal cell carcinoma?
Partial or radical nephrectomy
How does renal cell carcinoma respond to chemo and radiotherapy?
Poorly as it is resistant to those treatments
Where can transitional cell carcinoma present?
From the calyx down to the bladder
Where does transitional cell carcinoma most commonly affect?
The bladder
What investigations would you carry out for suspected bladder cancer?
Cytoscopy and biopsy, cytological examination of urine
How does treatment differ for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder depending on severity and muscle invasion?
Low risk, non invasive: transurethral resection of bladder tumour with intravesical chemotherapy
Muscle invasion: cystectomy and radiotherapy
What is the most common cancer in men?
Prostate cancer
What are risk factors for prostate cancer?
Increased age, family history, ethnicity
In which part of the prostate are tumours most commonly found?
Posterior part
What does prostate cancer causes an increase of?
PSA- prostate specific antigen
Why can we not use PSA levels as diagnosis for prostate cancer?
There are many causes of increased PSA other than cancer
