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Hazards > Nepal Earthquake 2015 Case Study > Flashcards

Nepal Earthquake 2015 Case Study Flashcards

1
Q

What is the population of Nepal?

A

28.5 million

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2
Q

Where is Nepal located?

A

Between China in the north and India in the south.

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3
Q

What is the population density of Nepal?

A

202 people per km^2

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4
Q

What is the capital of Nepal?

A

Kathmandu

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5
Q

What plate margin is Nepal on?

A

A collision plate boundary

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6
Q

What is the rate at which the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates are colliding?

A

45mm a year

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7
Q

What is the GDP of Nepal?

A

$21.2 billion

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8
Q

Where does Nepal rank in terms of poverty?

A

It is the 19th poorest country in the world

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9
Q

When did the earthquake happen?

A

25th April 2015

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10
Q

What was the MMS of the earthquake?

A

7.8

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11
Q

Where was the epicentre?

A

It was 80km north-west of the capital in the foothills of the Himalayas.

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12
Q

Where could the ground shaking be felt?

A

China, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan

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13
Q

On what mountain were there avalanches?

A

Mount Everest

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14
Q

How many people were killed as a result of the Mount Everest avalanche?

A

21 people

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15
Q

Where was the focus?

A

15km below the surface

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16
Q

Was the focus deep or shallow?

A

Shallow

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17
Q

In what other country did buildings collapse?

A

Bihar, India

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18
Q

What percentage of Nepal’s population was affected by the earthquake?

A

20%

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19
Q

How many people were affected by the earthquake?

A

8 million

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20
Q

How many people died?

A

9,000

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21
Q

How many people were injured?

A

20,000

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22
Q

How many people were left homeless as a result of the earthquake?

A

3million

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23
Q

How many schools were destroyed by the earthquake?

A

7000

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24
Q

Which airport became congested?

A

Tribhuvan International Airport

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25
Q

Why did Tribhuvan International Airport become congested?

A

Due to the arrival of aid

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26
Q

What percentage of shops were destroyed?

A

50%

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27
Q

How many people needed food, water and shelter immediately after the earthquake?

A

1.4 million

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28
Q

Why did relief take so long?

A

Widespread landslides caused road blockages.

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29
Q

Which river was affected by a landslide?

A

The Kali Gandaki River

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30
Q

Where is the Kali Gandaki River located?

A

140km north west of Kathmandu.

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31
Q

Why did people living near the Kali Gandaki River have to be evacuated?

A

There was a risk of flooding due to a landslide.

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32
Q

When was the main aftershock?

A

12/5/2015

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33
Q

What was the magnitude of the after the aftershock on the 12th May?

A

7.3

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34
Q

In which direction is the Eurasian plate moving?

A

North

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35
Q

In which direction is the Indo-Australian plate moving?

A

North-east

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36
Q

List 5 social impacts of the earthquake?

A 
Deaths 
Injuries mean that people may not be able to work
Homelessness
Power cuts
Access to clean water
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37
Q

How many hydroelectric power dams were damaged?

A

14

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38
Q

What proportion of Nepal’s GDP was the economic cost of the earthquake?

A

Almost half

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39
Q

What was the overall cost to Nepal?

A

$10 billion

40
Q

What percentage of Nepal’s GDP is from agriculture?

A

35%

41
Q

Why was the agricultural sector vulnerable?

A

There may have been problems in the cereal and paddy fields.

42
Q

What are 3 other economic impacts of the earthquake? (3)

A

Damage to infrastructure
Loss of tourism
Unemployment

43
Q

How might rivers have been affected by the earthquake?

A

Rivers carry debris which may cause the water level to rise or even change the course of the river.

44
Q

Why would rivers and lakes flood?

A

Due to landslides

45
Q

In how many districts were forest resources damaged?

A

31

46
Q

What were the other environmental impacts of the earthquake? (4)

A

Built landscapes destroyed
Damage to wildlife habitats
Loss of local plant species
Instability of rock

47
Q

What was sent to help from many other countries?

A

Search and rescue teams as well as water and medical aid.

48
Q

What was pledged by many countries?

A

Financial support

49
Q

What was used to rescue climbers on Mount Everest?

A

Helicopters

50
Q

How many tents were needed to provide shelter for the people that were made homeless?

A

Half a million

51
Q

Why did field hospitals need to be set up?

A

Hospitals became full

52
Q

What was used to aid search and rescue operations?

A

Social media and satellites which mapped damaged areas

53
Q

How many people migrated from the capital after the earthquake?

A

300,000

54
Q

Why did 300,000 people migrate from the capital?

A

To seek support from family and friends

55
Q

How many people from the Red Cross carried out evacuations, first aid and search and rescue operations?

A

8000

56
Q

What did Nepal hold in June 2015?

A

An international conference

57
Q

Why did Nepal hold an international conference?

A

To seek technical and financial support from other countries in regards to reconstruction after the earthquake.

58
Q

What is stricter as a result of the earthquake?

A

Building controls

59
Q

What are the plans for homeless people?

A

Thousands will be rehoused.

60
Q

What will happen to the damaged homes?

A

They will be repaired

61
Q

What happened to the 7000 schools?

A

They were rebuilt

62
Q

What did the BBC say to criticise the reconstruction?

A

A year later “virtually none of the 80,000 buildings it’s reckoned the earthquake destroyed have been rebuilt”

63
Q

What percentage of homes were rebuilt a year after the earthquake?

A

5% according to the Daily Mail

64
Q

How much money did Nepal offer for rebuilding homes?

A

$308,880

65
Q

How many Nepalese families received reconstruction funding?

A

661

66
Q

How many families were still living in high-altitude temporary shelters in the winter of 2015?

A

200,000

67
Q

How many people were pushed into poverty because of the earthquake?

A

700,000

68
Q

Why did lakes that were formed by landslides have to be cleared?

A

There was a flood risk

69
Q

What % of the country’s GDP is from tourism?

A

4%

70
Q

Why were tourism facilities repaired quickly?

A

So that tourism wasn’t reduced as much.

71
Q

What had been reopened by July 2015?

A

Some heritage sites

72
Q

When did the Mount Everest base camp and trekking routes reopen?

A

August 2015

73
Q

What happened to the trekking routes on Everest?

A

They were repaired and more were added.

74
Q

What did relief efforts used to be based on?

A

Eye witness reports and satellite images which had little use.

75
Q

What are now used to locate people?

A

Mobile phone networks

76
Q

What type of mapping was also used after the Nepal earthquake?

A

Crisis mapping

77
Q

What did crisis mapping involve?

A

Collating data which could then be analysed by different people to help plan emergency work.

78
Q

How many people were marked safe using the Facebook safety Check?

A

7 million

79
Q

How many people were alerted of their friend’s and family’s safety as a result of the Facebook Safety Check?

A

150 million people

80
Q

What are charities now doing?

A

Preparing for the future as it is possible that another earthquake could occur.

81
Q

What approach is the Red Cross now using to prepare for future hazardous events in Nepal?

A

“Build back better”

82
Q

What has the Red Cross done to help with the “build back better” approach?

A

It has trained masons and carpenters in constructing buildings and water supplies that will be more resistant to the effects of an earthquake.

83
Q

What is the Red Cross’s work in Nepal supported by?

A

A £4.4 million grant from the UK

84
Q

What does Nepal have every year?

A

An Earthquake Safety Day

85
Q

When is the Earthquake Safety Day?

A

In January

86
Q

What does the Earthquake Safety Day focus on?

A

Remembering those who have died in earthquakes in Nepal, earthquake safety and awareness. There are also earthquake drills.

87
Q

What is carried out in schools regularly?

A

Earthquake drills

88
Q

Who organises the Earthquake Safety Day?

A

National Society for Earthquake Technology- Nepal (NSET)

89
Q

What type of organisation is NSET?

A

An NGO

90
Q

How many national programmes have been completed by NSET in regards to natural hazards?

A

28

91
Q

How many regional programmes have been completed by NSET in regards to natural hazards?

A

16

92
Q

How many programmes are currently ongoing as a result of NSET?

A

9- these are both regional and national

93
Q

Give an example of one of NSET’s ongoing programmes

A

School Earthquake Safety Programme

94
Q

What does the School Earthquake Safety Programme aim to do?

A

Raise awareness of the earthquake risks and train masons in using earthquake resistant technology.

95
Q

What does NSET have that has been used in other countries?

A

A Shake Table

96
Q

Where else has the Shake Table been used?

A

India and Afghanistan

97
Q

What does the Shake Table do?

A

It shows the difference between different construction methods.

Hazards (15 decks)

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