★ NEP Flashcards
★ Why was War Communism ended?
★ Kronstadt & Tambov Revolts, Famine
★ What were the main features of the NEP?
★ Small businesses reopened: peasants could sell their own grain
★ Grain requisitioning abolished
★ Ban on private trade abolished: reintroduction of a money-based economy, rationing also abolished
★ State control of heavy industry
★ What did Lenin say at the 1921 congress?
★ “We must try to satisfy the demands of the peasants who are dissatisfied, discontent, and cannot be otherwise. In essence the small farmer can be satisfied with two things. First of all, there must be a certain amount of freedom for the small private proprietor; and, secondly, commodities and products must be provided.”
★ Why did Bolsheviks object to the NEP?
★ Didn’t fit their ideology
★ Trotsky described it as “ The first sign of the degeneration of Bolshevism”
★ Reintroduction of a money-based system caused ‘Nepmen’
★ Needed to prevent factionalism due to the controversy of the NEP with the 1921 ‘On Party Unity’
★ What was Bukharin’s role in the NEP?
★ Key supporter as lead economist
★ Believed that the greater amount of money the peasants would have, as a result of selling their surplus grain, would stimulate industry since their extra income would be spent on buying manufactured goods.
★ The last two articles published under Lenin’s name, On Co-operation and Better Fewer, But Better, were justifications of the NEP. Both were the work of Bukharin.
★ What were the economic results of the NEP?
★ Soviet economy began to recover
★ Produced an economic balance
★ Grain harvest in 1921: 37.6 million tons
★ Grain harvest in 1924: 51.4 million tons
★ Failures of NEP
★ Industry didn’t grow as fast as agriculture
★ High unemployment rates in Urban areas
