Neospora & Sarcocystis Flashcards
what is the domestic host of neospora
canines
is neospora zonotic
NO!
what is the IH for neospora
domestic livestock, grazing wildlife, dogs
how does IH become infected neospora
oocysts shed in environment
can vertical transmission of neospora occur in IH?
yes!
how does DH become infected neospora
ingestion of tissue cysts from IH
what lifecycle does neospora have
mostly indirect
t/f sexual multiplication occurs in IH
FALSE, only in DH
asexual in IH
what clinical signs will canines have neospora
neuromuscular disease
congenital infection
posterior paresis
due to exposure to cow fetuses/ placenta
clinical signs in cattle neospora
reproductive disease
history of abortion
disease of placenta/fetus
-primary infection in dam
-neuromuscular disease in congenitally infected calves
is there an fda treatment for neospora in cattle or dogs
no
how to control canine infection neospora
do not allow access to fetal or placental tissues
do not feed raw meat
do not breed females previously diagnosed with clinical disease/ whelped litters with affected puppies
avoid immunosuppressive therapies in seropositive dogs
how to control cattle infection neospora
restrict dog access to feed
observe for signs of reproductive loss
keep herd productivity records
remove fetal/placental tissues
closed hers
cull seropositive cows (controversial)
serological assessment is suspect outbreak
toxoplasma vs neospora DH
toxo: cats, shed MANY oocysts one time
neo: dogs, shed FEW oocysts many times
toxoplasma vs neospora lifecycle
toxo: oocyst to DH and tissue cyst in variety of IH
neo: no oocyst to DH, viable tissue cysts in narrow range IH
toxoplasma vs neospora zoonotic?
toxo: YES
neo: NO
toxoplasma vs neospora risk for congenital infection
toxo: only during primary infection when pregnant, all other pregnancies protected
neo: lifetime risk of congeital infection
toxoplasma vs neospora impact on cattle production
toxo: none
neo: major source production losses
what kind of lifecycle in sarcocystis sp
obligate indirect
how is sarcocystis sp spread
ingestion of tissue cysts in SPECIFIC IH
what are the DH of sarcocystis sp
dogs, cats, humans
does sexual replication occur in DH or IH for sarcocystis sp?
DH, no asexual at all!
where does sexual replication occur sarcocystis sp
small inetestine
are there clinical signs in DH for sarcocystis sp
NO
is there human/animal associations for sarcocystis sp
YES
does disease occur in DH or IH or both in sarcocystis sp
IH only
what type of replication occurs in IH sarcocystis sp?
asexual only!
where does replication occur in IH sarcocystis sp
striated muscles of endothelial cells
sarcocystis cruzi is a relationship between which species
dog DH and cattle IH
how does dog get infected with sarcocystis cruzi? how does it spread this diease?
ingest tissue cysts in cattle
sporocysts shed in feces
how do cattle get infected with sarcocystis cruzi? how does it spread this disease?
ingest sporocysts while grazing
2 generations of asexual replication
sarcocysts in striated muscle fibers
t/f in sarcocystis cruzi dogs will have clinical disease
FALSE, no clinical disease
what health effects will be in cattle for sarcocystis cruzi?
abortion, stillbirth
fever, anorexia, diarrhea, muscle spasm, loss of tail hair, hyperexcitability
calves that survive acute infection fail to thrive, premature death
is treatment of sarcocystis cruzi economically practical
no
how to mitigate risk of sarcocystis cruzi
exclude dogs from production facilities
periodic fecal exam on dogs
equine protozoa myloencephalitis primary etiologic agent
sarcocystis neurona
what is the DH for sarcocystis neurona
opossum
how does the DH spread sarcocystis neurona
sporocysts in feces
t/f horses are an IH of sarcocystis neurona
false! accidental host
how do horses become infected with sarcocystis neurona
ingestion of sporocysts in contaminated feed/ pasture
what are clinical signs of sarcocystis neurona
neurologic disease
stumbling, lameness, paresis, muscle atrophy
urinary incontinence, constipation
how do you diagnose sarcocystis neurona
serology
IgG Ab
IFA testing to distinguish causative agent
t/f seropositivity equates to disease
false, it does not !
is EPM disease rare?
yes
what could seropositivity indicate?
risk to subsequently developing disease
treatment considerations for sarcocystis neurona
recognize phenotypes and response to treatment is promising
contain parasite replication and not curative
prophylactic drug questionable value and expensive!
ponazuril target
mitochondria to disrupt amino aid synthesis and energy metabolism
cross BBB inot CSF
sulfadiazine/ pyrimethamine tagrer
interfere w parasite synthesis of folic acid and inhibit energy metabolism
must replace folic acid deficiency in host
possible toxicity from long term use
