Neoplasms Flashcards
Anemia
a decrease in hemoglobin and and oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood
Antineoplastic
a substance or process that destroys neoplastic cells
Atypical
unusual, not characteristic
Biopsy
removal of specimen of live tissue for microscopic examination
Cytologic
study of cells
Differentiation
increased specialization of cells for certain function
Genomic tumor assessment
identifies genetic mutations that are independent of heredity but only occur with the disease itself
Infiltrate
invade surrounding tissues
Metastasis
spread of cancer cells to distant sites
Micrometastases
spread of malignant cells not yet detectable
Nadir
the point of lowest white cell count in a blood test
Oncology
the study of cancer
Palliative
pain-reducing measures that do not seek a cure
Pneumonia
an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs
Prognosis
the probable outcome of a disease
Prophylactic
a measure or drug to prevent disease
Radiofrequency ablation
destruction of malignant cells with radiation via a needle and electrodes
Radioisotopes
sealing a radium in a seed or needle and implanting it at the site (brachytherapy)
Recurrence
when the manifestations of cancer return
Remission
when the manifestations of cancer subside
Seeding
spread of cancer cells in body fluids or along membranes, usually in body cavities
Thrombocytopenia
abnormally low number of thrombocytes or platelets
Total parenteral nutrition
total nutrition provided intravenously
Stage I
T1 - 2cm or less in diameter; no lymph nodes involved; no metastasis
Stage II
T0 - T2: Tumor less than 5 cm in diameter; N1 - nodes involved; M0 - no metastasis
Stage III
T3 - tumor larger than 5 cm; N1 or N2 - nodes involved, tumor may be fixed; M0 - no metastasis
Stage IV
T4 - tumor of any size but fixed to chest wall or skin; N3 - clavicular nodes involved; M1 - metastasis present
Neoplasm
abnormal growth of new cells, benign or malignant
Melanoma; carcinoma
malignant tumor of skin
Fibroma
benign tumor of fibrous tissue
Fibrosarcoma
malignant tumor of fibrous tissue
Fibrosarcoma
malignant tumor of fibrous tissue
Staging
T = size of tumor; N = involvement of lymph nodes; M = presence of metastasis
Staging
T = size of tumor; N = involvement of lymph nodes; M = presence of metastasis
Grading
based on degree of differentiation of malignant cells
Grade I
has well-differentiated cells similar to original cells
Grade IV
undifferentiated cells, varying in size and shape
ABVD regiment
Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine
Cytologic tests
used to screen high-risk individuals, confirm a diagnosis, and or follow a clinical course/monitor change.
