Intro to Path

Question 1

Diagnosis

Answer 1

Identification of a specific disease

Question 2

Etiology

Answer 2

Causative factors in a particular disease

Question 3

Idiopathic disease

Answer 3

Disease of unknown origin

Question 4

Iatrogenic disease

Answer 4

Disease occurring due to treatment or medical error

Question 5

Predisposing factors

Answer 5

Indicates high risk for developing the disease

Question 6

Prophylaxis

Answer 6

A measure designed to preserve health and prevent disease/spread

Question 7

Prevention

Answer 7

Preventive measures include vaccinations, dietary or lifestyle modifications, etc.

Question 8

Pathogenesis

Answer 8

Development of disease/sequence of events in tissue changes

Question 9

Onset

Answer 9

May be acute - sudden, or insidious - a gradual progression

Question 10

Acute disease

Answer 10

Short-term illness that develops quickly

Question 11

Chronic disease

Answer 11

Long-term illness that develops gradually

Question 12

Subclinical

Answer 12

An illness develops undetected until it reaches a later stage

Question 13

Latent stage

Answer 13

No clinical signs are evident; such as in an incubation period

Question 14

Prodromal period

Answer 14

Early stage of disease where there are noticeable symptoms but they are nonspecific

Question 15

Manifestations

Answer 15

Signs and symptoms or clinical evidence of disease; may be local (at a specific site) or systemic (affecting the body or system overall)

Question 16

Signs

Answer 16

Objective indicators of disease that are observable by those other than the patient

Question 17

Symptoms

Answer 17

Subjective manifestations of disease observable by the patient such as pain or nausea

Question 18

Lesion

Answer 18

Specific, local change in the tissue

Question 19

Syndrome

Answer 19

Collection of signs and symptoms, usually affecting more than one organ, that occur together in response to a certain condition

Question 20

Diagnostic tests

Answer 20

Lab testing ordered by physician based on signs and symptoms

Question 21

Remission

Answer 21

A period or condition in which the manifestations of the disease subside either permanently or temporarily

Question 22

Exacerbation

Answer 22

A period of worsening in the severity of the disease or in its manifestations

Question 23

Precipitating Factor

Answer 23

Condition that triggers an acute episode, such as shoveling show leading to an angina attack

Question 24

Complications

Answer 24

Secondary problems that arise after the original disease begins

Question 25

Therapy

Answer 25

Treatment measures used to promote recovery or slow the progress of a disease

Question 26

Sequelae

Answer 26

Potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition such as paralysis following recovery from a stroke

Question 27

Convalescence/Rehabilitation

Answer 27

Period of recovery/return to normal healthy state; may last for several days or months

Question 28

Morbidity

Answer 28

Disease rates within a group

Question 29

Mortality

Answer 29

Relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease

Question 30

Autopsy

Answer 30

Examination of all or part of the body to determine cause of death

Question 31

Epidemiology

Answer 31

Science of tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease

Question 32

Occurrence

Answer 32

Tracked by incidence and prevalence

Question 33

Incidence

Answer 33

Number of new cases in a population within a stated time period

Question 34

Prevalence

Answer 34

Number of new and old cases within a specific population and time period (always a higher number than incidence)

Question 35

Epidemic

Answer 35

Characterized by a higher number of cases than expected in a given local area

Question 36

Pandemic

Answer 36

Characterized by a higher number of cases than expected across the globe

Question 37

Communicable diseases

Answer 37

Infections that can be spread from one person to another

Question 38

Notifiable or reportable diseases

Answer 38

Must be reported by the physician to certain designated authorities

Question 39

Atrophy

Answer 39

Decrease in the size of cells

Question 40

Hypertrophy

Answer 40

Increase in the size of cells

Question 41

Hyperplasia

Answer 41

Increased number of cells

Question 42

Metaplasia

Answer 42

Replacement of one mature cell type by another cell type

Question 43

Dysplasia

Answer 43

Cells vary in size and shape (may be a precancerous change)

Question 44

Anaplasia

Answer 44

Refers to cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclei (usually seen in malignant tumors)

Question 45

Neoplasia

Answer 45

New growth/tumor

Question 46

Apoptosis

Answer 46

Programmed cell death

Question 47

Necrosis

Answer 47

Death of one or more cells or a portion of tissue or organ; result of irreversible damage and not a programmed cell event

Question 48

Ischemia

Answer 48

Decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue or organ due to circulatory obstruction

Question 49

Hypoxia

Answer 49

Reduced oxygen in the tissue

Question 50

Liquefaction necrosis

Answer 50

Cells liquefy via cell enzymes

Question 51

Coagulative necrosis

Answer 51

Cells retain some form after death due to altered proteins

Question 52

Fat necrosis

Answer 52

Fatty tissue is broken down into fatty acids due to infection or enzymes

Question 53

Caseous necrosis

Answer 53

Coagulation necrosis in which a thick, yellowish “cheesy” substance forms

Question 54

Infarction

Answer 54

An area of dead cells resulting from lack of oxygen

Question 55

Gangrene

Answer 55

An area of necrotic tissue, usually from lack/loss of blood supply followed by invasion by bacteria