Neoplasms

Question 1

normal weight of prostate

Answer 1

20g

Question 2

base of prostate is continuous with

Answer 2

bladder neck

Question 3

apex of prostate is continuous with

Answer 3

striated sphincter

Question 4

elevation in the wall of the urethra near the entrance of the ejaculatory ducts into the prostatic urethra

Answer 4

verumontanum

Question 5

zone in pprostate that is around the urethra and proximal to the verumontanum

Answer 5

transitional

Question 6

cone region of prostate around the ejaculatory ducts

Answer 6

central zone

Question 7

peripheral zone of prostate lies ___

70% of __ arise here

Answer 7

posteriolateral

prostate adenocarcinoma

Question 8

peak incidence age of prostate ca =

Answer 8

70-74yo

Question 9

PR of prostate cancer

Answer 9

asymmetrical
nodule
fixed craggy mass

Question 10

PSA is a ____ produced by prostate secretory epithelial cells
involved in

Answer 10

kalikrein-like serine protease

liquefaction of semen

Question 11

in health PSA levels are __ in semen and __ in serum

in prostate cancer are __ in serum

Answer 11

high semen and low serum

high serum

Question 12

other causes of raised PSA other than prostate ca

Answer 12

BPH
prostatitis/ UTI
retention
catheterisation
PR

Question 13

TRUS biopsy for prostate visualises it in + sections

roughly __ taken

Answer 13

transverse and sagittal

10-12

Question 14

> 95% of prostate cancers are

Answer 14

multifocal adenocarcinoma

Question 15

scoring for prostate grading

Answer 15

Gleasons scoring

Question 16

imaging to stage prostate cancer =

Answer 16

MRI CT and bone scan

Question 17

management of organ confined prostate cancer

Answer 17

watchful waiting

symptomatic

Question 18

management of locally advanced prostate cancer

Answer 18

radio + hormonal therapy
watchful waiting
hormones for palliation

Question 19

management of metastatic prostate cancer

Answer 19

androgen deprivation therapy (LHRH analogues/anti-androgens or bilateral subcapsular orchidectomy or max androgen blockade)
diethylstilbesterol/steroids
chemo

Question 20

hormonal control for prostate cancer

Answer 20

anti-androgens given 1 wk before and 2 wks before give LHRH agonists

Question 21

side effects of LHRH in prostate cancer therapy

Answer 21

loss of libido
ED
hot flushes
wt gain
gynaecomastia
anaemia
cog changes
osteoporosis

Question 22

steroidal antiandrogen =

SEs =

Answer 22

cyproterone acetate
loss of libido
ED
gynaecomastia
hepatic and CV tox

Question 23

non-steroidal antiandrogens =

SEs =

Answer 23

nilutamide, flutamide, bicalutamide

keep libido but gynaecomastia, hep tox, breast pain and hot flashes

Question 24

2 types of TCC =

Answer 24

80% papillary - 50% are infiltrative

20% non-papillary - all malig

Question 25

imaging for bladder cancer

Answer 25

``` excretory urogram sonography retrograde pyelogram CT angiography ```

Question 26

papillary type TCC shows a ___ appearance

Answer 26

stippled

Question 27

for diagnosis of TCC bladder Ix =

Answer 27

CT urography and cystoscopy

Question 28

3 benign renal tumours

Answer 28

renal cysts angiomyolipoma oncocytoma

Question 29

treatment for angiomyolipoma

Answer 29

embolisation

Question 30

oncocytoma appearance on CT

Answer 30

central scar (necrosis) in kidney

Question 31

Renal cell carcinoma peak age: M:F inherited disorder ass with it =

Answer 31

65-75yo M2:1F VHL

Question 32

adenocarcinoma of the PCT ie

Answer 32

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 33

classic triad of late presentation renal cell carcinoma

Answer 33

loin pain renal mass haematuria

Question 34

paraneoplastic syndromes ass with renal cell carcinoma

Answer 34

hypercalcaemia hbp anaemia wt loss

Question 35

4 sites that renal cell carcinomas metastasise to

Answer 35

lung liver brain bone

Question 36

4 Sx options for Renal Cell carcinoma

Answer 36

radical nephrectomy partial nephrectomy radiofrequency ablation cryoablation

Question 37

pre malignant cutaneous lesions of the penis

Answer 37

leukoplakia | balanitis xerotica obliterans / lichenus sclerosus et atrophicus

Question 38

appearance of balanitis xerotica obliterans | affects where?

Answer 38

``` white patches fissuring bleeding scarring affects: prepuce, glans and urethra ```

Question 39

treatment for balannitis xerotica obliterans

Answer 39

circumcision glans resurface meatal stenosis requires dilatation

Question 40

squamous carcinoma in situ of penis

Answer 40

Erythroplasia of Queyrat (glans/prepuce/shaft) Bowen's (any other part) = red velvety patches that persist

Question 41

treatment of carcinoma in situ of penis

Answer 41

circumcision (if prepuce only) | topical 5 fluorouracil

Question 42

presentation of penile carcinoma

Answer 42

red raised lesion phimosis fungating mass foul smelling

Question 43

peak age for penile squamous carcinoma = ass with which virus Rx =

Answer 43

80yo HPV 16 Sx, radio, lymphadenectomy

Question 44

2ndry cancers that affeect the testicles

Answer 44

lymphoma leukaemia mets

Question 45

peak age for testicular cancer

Answer 45

20-35yo