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RenalJaz > Neoplasms > Flashcards

Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

normal weight of prostate

A

20g

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2
Q

base of prostate is continuous with

A

bladder neck

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3
Q

apex of prostate is continuous with

A

striated sphincter

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4
Q

elevation in the wall of the urethra near the entrance of the ejaculatory ducts into the prostatic urethra

A

verumontanum

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5
Q

zone in pprostate that is around the urethra and proximal to the verumontanum

A

transitional

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6
Q

cone region of prostate around the ejaculatory ducts

A

central zone

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7
Q

peripheral zone of prostate lies ___

70% of __ arise here

A

posteriolateral

prostate adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

peak incidence age of prostate ca =

A

70-74yo

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9
Q

PR of prostate cancer

A

asymmetrical
nodule
fixed craggy mass

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10
Q

PSA is a ____ produced by prostate secretory epithelial cells
involved in

A

kalikrein-like serine protease

liquefaction of semen

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11
Q

in health PSA levels are __ in semen and __ in serum

in prostate cancer are __ in serum

A

high semen and low serum

high serum

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12
Q

other causes of raised PSA other than prostate ca

A 
BPH
prostatitis/ UTI
retention
catheterisation
PR
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13
Q

TRUS biopsy for prostate visualises it in + sections

roughly __ taken

A

transverse and sagittal

10-12

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14
Q

> 95% of prostate cancers are

A

multifocal adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

scoring for prostate grading

A

Gleasons scoring

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16
Q

imaging to stage prostate cancer =

A

MRI CT and bone scan

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17
Q

management of organ confined prostate cancer

A

watchful waiting

symptomatic

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18
Q

management of locally advanced prostate cancer

A

radio + hormonal therapy
watchful waiting
hormones for palliation

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19
Q

management of metastatic prostate cancer

A

androgen deprivation therapy (LHRH analogues/anti-androgens or bilateral subcapsular orchidectomy or max androgen blockade)
diethylstilbesterol/steroids
chemo

20
Q

hormonal control for prostate cancer

A

anti-androgens given 1 wk before and 2 wks before give LHRH agonists

21
Q

side effects of LHRH in prostate cancer therapy

A 
loss of libido
ED
hot flushes
wt gain
gynaecomastia
anaemia
cog changes
osteoporosis
22
Q

steroidal antiandrogen =

SEs =

A 
cyproterone acetate
loss of libido
ED
gynaecomastia
hepatic and CV tox
23
Q

non-steroidal antiandrogens =

SEs =

A

nilutamide, flutamide, bicalutamide

keep libido but gynaecomastia, hep tox, breast pain and hot flashes

24
Q

2 types of TCC =

A

80% papillary - 50% are infiltrative

20% non-papillary - all malig

25
Q

imaging for bladder cancer

A 
excretory urogram 
sonography
retrograde pyelogram
CT
angiography
26
Q

papillary type TCC shows a ___ appearance

A

stippled

27
Q

for diagnosis of TCC bladder Ix =

A

CT urography and cystoscopy

28
Q

3 benign renal tumours

A

renal cysts
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma

29
Q

treatment for angiomyolipoma

A

embolisation

30
Q

oncocytoma appearance on CT

A

central scar (necrosis) in kidney

31
Q

Renal cell carcinoma
peak age:
M:F
inherited disorder ass with it =

A

65-75yo
M2:1F
VHL

32
Q

adenocarcinoma of the PCT ie

A

Renal cell carcinoma

33
Q

classic triad of late presentation renal cell carcinoma

A

loin pain
renal mass
haematuria

34
Q

paraneoplastic syndromes ass with renal cell carcinoma

A

hypercalcaemia
hbp
anaemia
wt loss

35
Q

4 sites that renal cell carcinomas metastasise to

A

lung
liver
brain
bone

36
Q

4 Sx options for Renal Cell carcinoma

A

radical nephrectomy
partial nephrectomy
radiofrequency ablation
cryoablation

37
Q

pre malignant cutaneous lesions of the penis

A

leukoplakia

balanitis xerotica obliterans / lichenus sclerosus et atrophicus

38
Q

appearance of balanitis xerotica obliterans

affects where?

A 
white patches 
fissuring
bleeding
scarring
affects: prepuce, glans and urethra
39
Q

treatment for balannitis xerotica obliterans

A

circumcision
glans resurface
meatal stenosis requires dilatation

40
Q

squamous carcinoma in situ of penis

A

Erythroplasia of Queyrat (glans/prepuce/shaft)
Bowen’s (any other part)
= red velvety patches that persist

41
Q

treatment of carcinoma in situ of penis

A

circumcision (if prepuce only)

topical 5 fluorouracil

42
Q

presentation of penile carcinoma

A

red raised lesion
phimosis
fungating mass
foul smelling

43
Q

peak age for penile squamous carcinoma =
ass with which virus
Rx =

A

80yo
HPV 16
Sx, radio, lymphadenectomy

44
Q

2ndry cancers that affeect the testicles

A

lymphoma
leukaemia
mets

45
Q

peak age for testicular cancer

A

20-35yo

RenalJaz (10 decks)

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