microbiology Flashcards
distal urethra is colonised by
coliforms and enterococci from bowel
complicated UTI is ass with __/__/___
sepsis
structural abnormalities
stones
bacteriuria is common in __/__
elderly/catheterised
smells like burnt chocolate
proteus
organism that causes struvite stone formation
proteus
swarming cultures =
proteus
proteus produces ___ which alkalinises the urine leading to precipitation of __
urease
salts
coag -ve staph that can cause UTI in F of child-bearing age
staph saphrophyticus
a gram -ve bacilli that can cause UTIs but isnt a coliform
pseudomonas
organisms that commonly cause UTIs
E coli Klebsiella enterobacter proteus enterococci pseudomonas
container used for urine samples that last 24hrs
Boricon
sterile universal containers for urine samples must get to the lab within
2hrs
don’t dipstick__/___ use clinical signs to diagnose them
catheter / elderly
___ doesnt change nitrates to nitrites and so gives a -ve dipstick
enterococci
> ___ organisms/ml = significant /probable UTI
10^5
in non-catheterised ptnt if mixed growth of >=10^5 =
not significant unless anatomical abnormality
effective Abx for ESBL producing bacteria
nitrofurantoin temocillin meropenem etrapenem fosfomycin pivmecillinam
CPE = ___ that are resistant to __
associated with travel to ___
coliforms
meropenem
India
only treat asympt bacteruria if __ as can lead to __/__
pregnant
IUGR
premature birth
only give Abx in bacteriurial catheter ptnt if ___ otherwise it leads to __
symptomatic
increased risk of resistant infection
abacterial cystitis /urethral syndrome can be caused by __
early phase of UTI
chlamydia/gonorrhea
urethral trauma “honeymoon cystitis”
treatment of abacterial cystitis =
alkalinise urine for sympt control
give gentamicin for only ___ unless there is an exception
3 days
safe to use in any trimester of pregnancy to treat asympt bacteriuria/UTI
cefalexin
1st line Rx for lower UTI
trimethoprim / nitrofurantoin
F = 3 days
M = 7 days
in GP Rx for complicated UTI/pyelonephritis
coamox / cotrimox 14days
in hosp Rx for complicated UTI/pyelonephritis
amox and gent IV (3 days)
if allergic = co-trimox and gent
