Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
__+__ = upper urinary tract
A
kidneys
ureter
2
Q
__+__ = lower urinary tract
A
bladder
urethra
3
Q
kidneys and proximal ureters lie in __
A
retroperitoneum in abdomen
4
Q
part of urinary tract in pelvis
A
distal ureters
bladder
prox urethra
5
Q
part urinary tract in perineum
A
distal urethra
6
Q
anterior to posterior in front of kidney = visceral peritoneum > __>__>__>renal capsule
A
paranephric fat
renal/deep fascia
perinephric fat
7
Q
muscle lying medial to kidneys
A
psoas
8
Q
muscle lying posterior to kidneys
A
quadratus lumborum
9
Q
muscles of the anterolateral abdo wall that lie lateral to kidney
A
external and internal obliqe
transversus abdominis
10
Q
right kidney lies lateral to __ vertebrae
A
L1-3
11
Q
left kidney lies lateral to ___ vertebrae
A
T12-L2
12
Q
on inspiration the kidneys ascend/descend
A
descend
13
Q
normal length and width of a kidney
A
length = 12cm wide = 6cm
14
Q
anatomical relations of the right kidney
A
posterior to liver (+hepatorenal recess)
2nd part of duodenum
ascending colon
R colic flexure
15
Q
Left kidney lies posterior to ++__+_
A
stomach
pancreas tail
spleen hilum
splenic vessels
16
Q
anterior to posterior in renal hilum
A
renal vein
renal artery
ureter
17
Q
common iliac arteries lie ant/post to common iliac veins
A
ant
18
Q
abdo aorta bifurcates at the level of the
A
umbilicus
19
Q
ureteric blood supply is from branches of (5)
A
AA internal iliac common iliac vesical renal
20
Q
kidneys drain to __ nodes
A
lumbar
21
Q
ureters drain to + nodes
A
lumbar
iliac
22
Q
if renal stenosis is combined with a infrarenal AAA the cause of both is likely to be __
A
atherosclerosis
23
Q
renal stenosis can be caused by ___ AAA because it __
A
suprarenal
occludes the proximal renal artery
24
Q
nephrons run axially towards the __ of renal pyramid
A
apex
25
3 ureteric constrictions
pelviureteric junction
when crosses anterior aspect of common iliac artery
ureteric orifice at bladder
26
urine backpressure causes nephrons to be compressed => renal failure and capsule stretches painfully
kidney becomes palpable and enlarged =
hydronephrosis
27
false pelvis =
iliac crests to pelvic inlet - part of abdo cavity
28
true pelvis
pelvic inlet to pelvic floor
29
ureters pass __ to common iliac vessels to enter ___ > run __ along lateral wall of __ > at level of ___ turn medially to enter ___
entire route is ___
in ___ direction
```
anterior
pelvis
anteriorly
pelvis
ischial spine
posterior bladder
sub-peritoneal
inferomedial
```
30
pelvic ureters lie where in relation to uterine tubes and uterine artery?
inferior
31
pelvic ureters lie where in relation to vas deferens
inferior
32
arteries that supply the pelvic organs in Females
internal iliac -> vesical arteries, middle rectal, vaginal and uterine
33
arteries that supply pelvic organs in males
middle rectal
vesical
prostatic
34
corners of the trigone in the bladder =
2 ureteric orifices (posterior wall)
| internal urethral orifice (floor)
35
makes up most of bladder wall and surround ureteric orifices
| forms internal urethral sphincter in males
detrusor muscle
36
uterus lies __ to bladder usually in a ___ position
superior
| anteflexed
37
2 possible points of catheterisation
urethral
| suprapubic
38
peritoneum covers which surfaces of the bladder
superior
39
__ splits pelvis and perineum
levator ani
40
spongy urethra lies in
corpus spongiosum
41
spermatic cord contents
testicular artery and vein
vas
lymphatic
nerves (auto => SM of vas ; somatic =>cremaster muscle)
42
testes lie in a sac called ___ has a __+__ layer
| if filled with fluid =
tunica vaginalis
visceral and parietal
hydrocele
43
embryological remnant that is attached to testes
appendix testis
44
___ drains the blood from the testes to the __
pampiniform venous plexus
| testicular vein
45
left testicular vein drains to __
| right to __
left to left renal vein
| IVC for right
46
inferior surface of prostate is in contact with
levator ani
47
__ zone of prostate is felt on PR and this is where most __ arise
peripheral
| cancers
48
R + L corpus ___ in penis contain
cavernosum
| deep arteries of penis
49
___ extends distally to form glans of penis
corpus spongiosum
50
deep arteries of the penis are branches of the __ from the __ artery
internal pudendal artery
| internal iliac
51
arteries that supply the scrotum
internal pudendal artery (from internal iliac)
| branches of external artery
52
lymph from scrotum and penis (not glans) drains to __
superior inguinal nodes
53
lymph from testes drains to ___
lumbar nodes
54
ureteric peristalsis and bladder contraction are under __+__ nerve control
parasympathetic
| sympathetic
55
levator ani is under ___ nerve control
somatic motor
56
pain from kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra in pelvis and testes are carried in ___ fibres
visceral afferent
57
pain in perineum is carried in ___ nerve fibres
somatic sensory
58
sympathetic spinal nerves leave at ___ spinal levels
T1-L2 = thoracolumbar outflow
59
rami communicans is between __+__
anterior spinal rami and sympathetic chain
60
sympathetics to kidneys, ureters and bladder leave spinal cord at ___ level => ___ nerves > synapse at ___ around AA > postsynaptics on outside of arteries = ___
T10-L2
abdominopelvic splanchnic
abdominal sympathetic ganglion
periarterial plexus
61
parasympathetics carried in CNs = ___ and ___ spinal nerves
III VII IX X
sacral
cranioscaral outflow
62
parasympathetics to kidneys, ureters and bladder is from
kidneys and ureters = CNX
| bladder = pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-4)
63
only part of renal system with somatic motor fibres = those in __ eg ___ = ___nerve
perineum
distal urethra, external urethral sphincter and levator ani
pudendal nerve
64
visceral afferents from kidney run alongside __ and enter cord at __ level
dermatomal pain = __ pain
is dulla nd achy
sympathetic fibres
T11 and L2
loin
65
visceral afferents from ureters enter cord at __ level
| dermatomal pain distribution =
T11-L2
| loin to groin
66
visceral afferents from bladder part touching peritoneum =
run alongside ___
enter cord at ___ level
sympathetic fibres
| T11-L2
67
visceral afferents from bladder part not touching peritoneum =
run alongside ___
enter cord at ___ level
parasympathetic nerves
| S2-S4
68
visceral afferents from proximal urethra run alongside ___
| enter cord at __ level
parasympathetic nerves
| S2-4
69
somatic sensory fibres from distal urethra are contained in ___ nerve and enter cord at ___ level
pudendal
| S2-4
70
testes visceral afferents run alongside __ and enter cord at __ level
sympathetic
| T10-11
71
bladder pain location
suprapubic
72
pain from testes may present in __ dermatome due to close relation with groin/scrotum
L1
73
key nerve fibres in urinary continence
S2-4
74
bladder stretch is sensed by ___ nerve fibres that enter spinal cord at __ level > reflex (that is overriden) to __+__
visceral afferents
S2-4
detrusor
internal urethral sphincter (M)
75
```
when inhibition of micturition is lifted detrusor ___ (__ nerve supply)
internal sphincter (__ nerve supply), external sphincter and levator ani ___
anterolateral abdominal muscles ___ ( ___ nerve supply)
```
contract - parasymp S2-4 pelvic splanchnic nerves
parasymp S2-4 pelvic splanchnic nerves - relax
contract - somatic motor - pudendal S2-4
76
iliohypogastric nerve = __ spinal level
| supplies _+_+_
L1
lateral gluteal region above pubis
internal oblique
transversalis
77
ilioinguinal nerve = ___ spinal level
| supplies _+_+_+_
L1
mons and labia majora
root of penis and upper scrotum
78
lateral cutaneous nerve = __ spinal level
L2+3
79
genitofemoral nerve = _+_ spinal level
| supplies _+_+_+_
```
L1+2
upper thigh
anterior scrotum
mons
cremaster
```
80
femoral and obturator nerves relation to psoas major
```
femoral = lies lateral to psoas
obturator = lies medial
```
81
sural nerve is from _+_ and supplies
common fibular and tibial nerves
| lateral foot sensation
