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RenalJaz > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

__+__ = upper urinary tract

A

kidneys

ureter

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2
Q

__+__ = lower urinary tract

A

bladder

urethra

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3
Q

kidneys and proximal ureters lie in __

A

retroperitoneum in abdomen

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4
Q

part of urinary tract in pelvis

A

distal ureters
bladder
prox urethra

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5
Q

part urinary tract in perineum

A

distal urethra

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6
Q

anterior to posterior in front of kidney = visceral peritoneum > __>__>__>renal capsule

A

paranephric fat
renal/deep fascia
perinephric fat

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7
Q

muscle lying medial to kidneys

A

psoas

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8
Q

muscle lying posterior to kidneys

A

quadratus lumborum

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9
Q

muscles of the anterolateral abdo wall that lie lateral to kidney

A

external and internal obliqe

transversus abdominis

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10
Q

right kidney lies lateral to __ vertebrae

A

L1-3

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11
Q

left kidney lies lateral to ___ vertebrae

A

T12-L2

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12
Q

on inspiration the kidneys ascend/descend

A

descend

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13
Q

normal length and width of a kidney

A 
length = 12cm
wide = 6cm
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14
Q

anatomical relations of the right kidney

A

posterior to liver (+hepatorenal recess)
2nd part of duodenum
ascending colon
R colic flexure

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15
Q

Left kidney lies posterior to ++__+_

A

stomach
pancreas tail
spleen hilum
splenic vessels

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16
Q

anterior to posterior in renal hilum

A

renal vein
renal artery
ureter

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17
Q

common iliac arteries lie ant/post to common iliac veins

A

ant

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18
Q

abdo aorta bifurcates at the level of the

A

umbilicus

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19
Q

ureteric blood supply is from branches of (5)

A 
AA
internal iliac
common iliac
vesical 
renal
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20
Q

kidneys drain to __ nodes

A

lumbar

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21
Q

ureters drain to + nodes

A

lumbar

iliac

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22
Q

if renal stenosis is combined with a infrarenal AAA the cause of both is likely to be __

A

atherosclerosis

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23
Q

renal stenosis can be caused by ___ AAA because it __

A

suprarenal

occludes the proximal renal artery

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24
Q

nephrons run axially towards the __ of renal pyramid

A

apex

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25
Q

3 ureteric constrictions

A

pelviureteric junction
when crosses anterior aspect of common iliac artery
ureteric orifice at bladder

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26
Q

urine backpressure causes nephrons to be compressed => renal failure and capsule stretches painfully
kidney becomes palpable and enlarged =

A

hydronephrosis

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27
Q

false pelvis =

A

iliac crests to pelvic inlet - part of abdo cavity

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28
Q

true pelvis

A

pelvic inlet to pelvic floor

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29
Q

ureters pass __ to common iliac vessels to enter ___ > run __ along lateral wall of __ > at level of ___ turn medially to enter ___
entire route is ___
in ___ direction

A 
anterior
pelvis
anteriorly
pelvis
ischial spine
posterior bladder
sub-peritoneal
inferomedial
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30
Q

pelvic ureters lie where in relation to uterine tubes and uterine artery?

A

inferior

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31
Q

pelvic ureters lie where in relation to vas deferens

A

inferior

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32
Q

arteries that supply the pelvic organs in Females

A

internal iliac -> vesical arteries, middle rectal, vaginal and uterine

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33
Q

arteries that supply pelvic organs in males

A

middle rectal
vesical
prostatic

34
Q

corners of the trigone in the bladder =

A

2 ureteric orifices (posterior wall)

internal urethral orifice (floor)

35
Q

makes up most of bladder wall and surround ureteric orifices

forms internal urethral sphincter in males

A

detrusor muscle

36
Q

uterus lies __ to bladder usually in a ___ position

A

superior

anteflexed

37
Q

2 possible points of catheterisation

A

urethral

suprapubic

38
Q

peritoneum covers which surfaces of the bladder

A

superior

39
Q

__ splits pelvis and perineum

A

levator ani

40
Q

spongy urethra lies in

A

corpus spongiosum

41
Q

spermatic cord contents

A

testicular artery and vein
vas
lymphatic
nerves (auto => SM of vas ; somatic =>cremaster muscle)

42
Q

testes lie in a sac called ___ has a __+__ layer

if filled with fluid =

A

tunica vaginalis
visceral and parietal
hydrocele

43
Q

embryological remnant that is attached to testes

A

appendix testis

44
Q

___ drains the blood from the testes to the __

A

pampiniform venous plexus

testicular vein

45
Q

left testicular vein drains to __

right to __

A

left to left renal vein

IVC for right

46
Q

inferior surface of prostate is in contact with

A

levator ani

47
Q

__ zone of prostate is felt on PR and this is where most __ arise

A

peripheral

cancers

48
Q

R + L corpus ___ in penis contain

A

cavernosum

deep arteries of penis

49
Q

___ extends distally to form glans of penis

A

corpus spongiosum

50
Q

deep arteries of the penis are branches of the __ from the __ artery

A

internal pudendal artery

internal iliac

51
Q

arteries that supply the scrotum

A

internal pudendal artery (from internal iliac)

branches of external artery

52
Q

lymph from scrotum and penis (not glans) drains to __

A

superior inguinal nodes

53
Q

lymph from testes drains to ___

A

lumbar nodes

54
Q

ureteric peristalsis and bladder contraction are under __+__ nerve control

A

parasympathetic

sympathetic

55
Q

levator ani is under ___ nerve control

A

somatic motor

56
Q

pain from kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra in pelvis and testes are carried in ___ fibres

A

visceral afferent

57
Q

pain in perineum is carried in ___ nerve fibres

A

somatic sensory

58
Q

sympathetic spinal nerves leave at ___ spinal levels

A

T1-L2 = thoracolumbar outflow

59
Q

rami communicans is between __+__

A

anterior spinal rami and sympathetic chain

60
Q

sympathetics to kidneys, ureters and bladder leave spinal cord at ___ level => ___ nerves > synapse at ___ around AA > postsynaptics on outside of arteries = ___

A

T10-L2
abdominopelvic splanchnic
abdominal sympathetic ganglion
periarterial plexus

61
Q

parasympathetics carried in CNs = ___ and ___ spinal nerves

A

III VII IX X
sacral
cranioscaral outflow

62
Q

parasympathetics to kidneys, ureters and bladder is from

A

kidneys and ureters = CNX

bladder = pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-4)

63
Q

only part of renal system with somatic motor fibres = those in __ eg ___ = ___nerve

A

perineum
distal urethra, external urethral sphincter and levator ani
pudendal nerve

64
Q

visceral afferents from kidney run alongside __ and enter cord at __ level
dermatomal pain = __ pain
is dulla nd achy

A

sympathetic fibres
T11 and L2
loin

65
Q

visceral afferents from ureters enter cord at __ level

dermatomal pain distribution =

A

T11-L2

loin to groin

66
Q

visceral afferents from bladder part touching peritoneum =
run alongside ___
enter cord at ___ level

A

sympathetic fibres

T11-L2

67
Q

visceral afferents from bladder part not touching peritoneum =
run alongside ___
enter cord at ___ level

A

parasympathetic nerves

S2-S4

68
Q

visceral afferents from proximal urethra run alongside ___

enter cord at __ level

A

parasympathetic nerves

S2-4

69
Q

somatic sensory fibres from distal urethra are contained in ___ nerve and enter cord at ___ level

A

pudendal

S2-4

70
Q

testes visceral afferents run alongside __ and enter cord at __ level

A

sympathetic

T10-11

71
Q

bladder pain location

A

suprapubic

72
Q

pain from testes may present in __ dermatome due to close relation with groin/scrotum

A

L1

73
Q

key nerve fibres in urinary continence

A

S2-4

74
Q

bladder stretch is sensed by ___ nerve fibres that enter spinal cord at __ level > reflex (that is overriden) to __+__

A

visceral afferents
S2-4
detrusor
internal urethral sphincter (M)

75
Q 
when inhibition of micturition is lifted detrusor \_\_\_ (\_\_ nerve supply)
internal sphincter (\_\_ nerve supply), external sphincter and levator ani \_\_\_
anterolateral abdominal muscles \_\_\_ ( \_\_\_ nerve supply)
A

contract - parasymp S2-4 pelvic splanchnic nerves
parasymp S2-4 pelvic splanchnic nerves - relax
contract - somatic motor - pudendal S2-4

76
Q

iliohypogastric nerve = __ spinal level

supplies ++_

A

L1
lateral gluteal region above pubis
internal oblique
transversalis

77
Q

ilioinguinal nerve = ___ spinal level

supplies +++

A

L1
mons and labia majora
root of penis and upper scrotum

78
Q

lateral cutaneous nerve = __ spinal level

A

L2+3

79
Q

genitofemoral nerve = + spinal level

supplies +++

A 
L1+2
upper thigh
anterior scrotum
mons
cremaster
80
Q

femoral and obturator nerves relation to psoas major

A 
femoral = lies lateral to psoas
obturator = lies medial
81
Q

sural nerve is from + and supplies

A

common fibular and tibial nerves

lateral foot sensation

RenalJaz (10 decks)

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