Neoplasms Flashcards
Risk factors for breast cancer
Nulliparity
Early menarche
Late menopause
Postmenopausal combo HRT
S/S of breast cancer
Painless breast mass
Fixed
Hard
Irregular margins
MC location of breast cancer
Upper outer quadrant
S/S of Paget’s disease of the breast
Itching, pain, and burning of breast
Superficial erosion or ulceration
Bloody nipple discharge
Diagnosis of Paget’s disease of the breast
Full-thickness biopsy
Treatment of Paget’s disease of the breast
Mastectomy
S/S of inflammatory carcinoma
Orange peel sign (peau d’orange)
Brawny edema
Treatment of inflammatory breast cancer
Multiple chemo rounds
Followed by radiation and surgery
Screening for breast cancer
Mammogram annually after 40
Diagnosis of breast cancer
Core needle biopsy
Which has better outcomes, ER- or +?
+
If ER+ ___
Raloxifene or Anastrozole
Worst type of breast cancer
Triple negative
CIN types
CIN 1: mild, lower 1/3
CIN 2: moderate, lower 2/3
CIN 3: severe, over 2/3
Gardasil vaccine
Recommended at age 11-12 (from Hannah’s quizlet)
Age 9-14: 2-dose - 0 months and 6-12 months OR 3-dose - 0, 2, 6 months
Age 15-45: 3-dose (0, 2, 6 months)
(from Epperly’s slides)
Cervical cancer screening
Start at age 21
Pap every 3 years until 30
Pap & HPV every 5 years from 30-65 OR pap only every 3 years
When to stop screening for cervical cancer?
65+
No hx of moderate or severe dysplasia
3 negative paps in a row
Pap smear results
ASCUS (undetermined significance)
ASCH (cannot exclude high-grade lesion)
LGSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial, corresponds to CIN 1)
HGSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial, corresponds to CIN 2/3)
AGC (atypical glandular cells)
Treatment of ASCUS
Repeat paps every 6 months until normal
Next step for LGSIL and HGSIL
Colposcopy and biopsy
Treatment of CIN 1
Expectant management
2 paps every 6 months or pap & HPV test every 6 months
Treatment of CIN 2 or 3
Surgical procedure
HPV strains most correlated with cervical cancer
16, 18, 45
S/S of cervical cancer
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
*Postcoital bleeding
Treatment of cervical cancer
Radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy
Most common gyn malignancy
Endometrial cancer
Risk factors for endometrial cancer
Unopposed estrogen
Obesity
Risk reduction for endometrial cancer
Combo OCP use
Smoking
S/S of endometrial cancer
Abnormal uterine bleeding
MCC of endometrial cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Diagnosis of endometrial cancer
US first
Biopsy
Treatment of endometrial cancer
Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy
MCC of ovarian cancer
Epithelial ovarian cancer
Risk factors for ovarian cancer
Smoking
Early menarche
Late menopause
Nulligravid
Risk reduction of ovarian cancer
OCP
Breast feeding
S/S of ovarian cancer
Vague symptoms
Solid, fixed, irregular adnexal mass
Labs for ovarian cancer
CA-125
Diagnosis of ovarian cancer
US first
Biopsy
Treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer
Surgical removal
Chemo
Treatment of germ cell cancer
Surgery alone
S/S of extramammary Paget’s disease
Pruritus
Vulvar soreness
“Red velvet cake” appearance
Diagnosis of extramammary Paget’s disease
Biopsy
Treatment of extramammary Paget’s disease
Wide local excision
MCC of vulvar cancer
SCC
S/S of vulvar cancer
Pruritus or mass of vulva
Treatment of vulvar cancer
Wide radical excision with inguinal lymph node excision
MCC of vaginal cancer
SCC
S/S of vaginal cancer
Grape-like mass
Bleeding
Diagnosis of vaginal cancer
Biopsy
Treatment of vaginal cancer
Hysterectomy
Vaginectomy
Lymphadenectomy
