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U9 Path > Neoplasm > Flashcards

Neoplasm Flashcards

1
Q

Arise from epithelial surfaces

Usually discrete small mass that is probably benign

A

Adenoma

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2
Q

Benign mass composed of tissues NOT found at site origin

A

Choristoma

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3
Q

Rare benign mass composed of tissues usually found at the sire of origin

A

Hamartoma

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4
Q

Malignant neoplasm arising in mesenchymal tissues–not in epithelium

A

Sarcoma

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5
Q

Neoplasm derived from totipotential germ cells that differentiate into tissues that represent all three germ layers

A

Teratoma

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6
Q

Have malignant appearing glandular elements

A

Adenocarcinomas

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7
Q

benign glandular and stromal component–common in breast

A

Fibroadenomas

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8
Q

Gives rise to carcinomas

A

Epithelium of the bladder

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9
Q

Benign mesenchymal neoplasm

A

Fibroma

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10
Q

Benigh, localized mass that has an exophytic growth pattern

A

Papilloma

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11
Q

common benign lesion of the skin

A

Hemangioma

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12
Q

White and arise from smooth muscle and are most common in the uterus

A

Leiomyomas

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13
Q

yellow fatty tumor that can occur beneath the epidermis

A

Lipomas

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14
Q

Malignant and tend to increase in size quickly–many are darkly pigmented

A

Melanomas

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15
Q

Benign counterpart to the melanoma–common but usually light-dark brown

A

Nevus

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16
Q

Typical of a carcinoma–infiltrating carcinoma has acquired the ability to invade and spread via metastasis

A

Lymphatic spread

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17
Q

Commonly activated in Bukitt lymphoma b/c of a translocation–results in activation of cell cycle

A

MYC oncogene–8-14 translocation–activation of Cyclin D1

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18
Q

Encodes a GTP-bidning protein that is located under the cell membrane

A

RAS- oncogene

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19
Q

Causes uncontrolled non receptor tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL fusion gene

A

9:2 translocation–chronic myeloid leukemia

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20
Q

Infiltrating ductal and intraductal carcinoma without FHx

A

HER 2 over expression

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21
Q

FHx–predispose pt to breast cancer

A

BRCA1 mutation

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22
Q

Sarcoma most often associated with AIDS from HIV infection

A

Kaposisarcoma

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23
Q

Reduce GTPase activity–activated GTP-bound state

A

Mutation in RAS oncogene

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24
Q

Inheritance of defective copy of p16 gene–CDKN2A also can be involved –call cycle losses regulation and favors neoplasm formation

A

Malignant melanoma with FHx

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25
Q

T cell neoplasm

A

IL2 mutation

26
Q

Seen in immunodeficiency states

A

Lyn mutation

27
Q

All pancreatic and 83% of colon cancers have at least one mutation in this pathway–it normally inhibits cell proliferation by activation of growth-inhibiting gene

A

TGF-B mutation

28
Q

FHx of colon cancer with adenomatous polyposis with numerous polyps and malignant transformations

A

Loss of APC gene function–prevents destruction of B-catenin in the cytoplasm–sequence compenet of the WNT signaling pathway

29
Q

Occurs when cancer cells shift their metabolism to aerobic glycolysis for selective growth advantage under harsh circumstances

A

Warburg effect

30
Q

BCL2 gene becomes subject to continuous stimulation by the adjacent enhancer element of the immunoglobulin gene–leading to overexpression

A

BCL2–controls production of a protein that inhibits apoptosis

14:18 translocation–BCL2 and Ig heavy chain

31
Q

Seen in Burkitt lymphomas

A

MYC- overexpression

C-Myc mutation 8:14 translocation

32
Q

Leads to loss of binding protein and activation of angiogenesis factors

neoplasms seen

  • pheochromcytomas
  • renal cell carcinomas
  • hemangioblastomas
A

VHL mutation

33
Q

Promotes metastases

A

Reduced expression of adhesion molecules–E-cadherins

34
Q

Plays a role in cell adhesion and enables malignant cells to metastasize–solid tumors can express this to enhance their spread to lymph nodes and other metastatic sites

A

CD44

35
Q

role in apoptosis

A

BCL2

36
Q

Best knob as a protein expressed in mesenchymal neoplasms–sarcomas

A

Vimentin

37
Q

Carry an increased risk of neoplasia–particularly lymphomas

A

Primary and secondary immunodeficiency dzs

38
Q

Shows that inability to repair DNA is carcinogenic

A

Hereditary nonpolyposis colon carcinoma (HNPCC)

39
Q

Extreme photosensitivity
2000 fold increase in risk of skin cancer
UV damage to DNA
Autosomal recessive

A

Xeroderma pigmentosum

40
Q

Rare cause of liver cancer

Factory worker making PVC pipes

A

Vinyl chloride

41
Q

Risk factor for skin cancer

A

Arsenic

42
Q

Linked to pleural malignant mesothelioma and to bronchogenic carcinomas in smokers

A

Asbestos

43
Q

Linked to leukemias

A

Benzene

44
Q

Interstitial lung dz and lung cancer

A

Beryllium

45
Q

increased risk of respiratory tract cancers

A

Nickel exposure

46
Q

Risk factor for cancers of the urinary tract

A

Naphthalene

47
Q

protein that is a tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinomas and some testicular carcinomas

A

a-fetoprotein

48
Q

what is elevated in the serum with GI tract adenocarcinomas and Lung carcinomas

A

Elevation in serum carcinoembyonic antigen

49
Q

Tumor marker for colonic and pancreatic carcinomas

A

CA-19-9

50
Q

Small cells with scant cytoplasm but marked hyperchromatism

A

Small cell anapestic carcinoma

51
Q

Stomach carcinoma carcinogen

A

Nitrosamines

52
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma carcinogen derived from aspergillus

A

Aflatoxins

53
Q

Leukemia/lymphoma carcinogen

A

Alkylating agents

54
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx and upper esophagus carcinogen

A

Alcohol

55
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin, lung cancer and angiosarcoma of the liver carcinogen

A

Arsenic

56
Q

Lung carcinoma and mesothelioma

A

Asbestos

57
Q

Carcinoma of ororpharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney, bladder and pancreas carcinogen

A

Cigarette smoke–polycyclic hydrocarbons

58
Q

Urothelial carcinoma of bladder

A

Naphthylamine

59
Q

Angiosarcoma of liver–occupational exposure

A

Vinyl chloride

60
Q

Lung carcinoma–occupational exposure

A

Nickel
chromium
beryllium
silica

U9 Path (6 decks)

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