Neoplasm Flashcards
Arise from epithelial surfaces
Usually discrete small mass that is probably benign
Adenoma
Benign mass composed of tissues NOT found at site origin
Choristoma
Rare benign mass composed of tissues usually found at the sire of origin
Hamartoma
Malignant neoplasm arising in mesenchymal tissues–not in epithelium
Sarcoma
Neoplasm derived from totipotential germ cells that differentiate into tissues that represent all three germ layers
Teratoma
Have malignant appearing glandular elements
Adenocarcinomas
benign glandular and stromal component–common in breast
Fibroadenomas
Gives rise to carcinomas
Epithelium of the bladder
Benign mesenchymal neoplasm
Fibroma
Benigh, localized mass that has an exophytic growth pattern
Papilloma
common benign lesion of the skin
Hemangioma
White and arise from smooth muscle and are most common in the uterus
Leiomyomas
yellow fatty tumor that can occur beneath the epidermis
Lipomas
Malignant and tend to increase in size quickly–many are darkly pigmented
Melanomas
Benign counterpart to the melanoma–common but usually light-dark brown
Nevus
Typical of a carcinoma–infiltrating carcinoma has acquired the ability to invade and spread via metastasis
Lymphatic spread
Commonly activated in Bukitt lymphoma b/c of a translocation–results in activation of cell cycle
MYC oncogene–8-14 translocation–activation of Cyclin D1
Encodes a GTP-bidning protein that is located under the cell membrane
RAS- oncogene
Causes uncontrolled non receptor tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL fusion gene
9:2 translocation–chronic myeloid leukemia
Infiltrating ductal and intraductal carcinoma without FHx
HER 2 over expression
FHx–predispose pt to breast cancer
BRCA1 mutation
Sarcoma most often associated with AIDS from HIV infection
Kaposisarcoma
Reduce GTPase activity–activated GTP-bound state
Mutation in RAS oncogene
Inheritance of defective copy of p16 gene–CDKN2A also can be involved –call cycle losses regulation and favors neoplasm formation
Malignant melanoma with FHx
