neoplasia I and ii Flashcards
oncology
study of tumors
what is the main characteristic of malignant tumors?
metastasis
what are the histological features of distinguishing between benign and malignant?
borders
growth rate
anaplasia
what can be seen in malignant neoplasms?
mitotic figures
what are nuclear features of anaplasia?
pleomorphism
hyperchromasia
high nuclear/cytoplasm ratio
what occurs in epithelial tissue and is limited by the basement membrane?
dysplasia
true or false. in dysplasia the cells are normal.
false they are abnormal
what’s the clonality of Neo and hyper plasia?
neo = clonal hyper = polyclonal
benign fat tumor
lipoma
benign sm tumor
leiomyoma
benign skeletal muscle tumor
rhabdomyoma
benign fibrous tissue tumor
fibroma
benign blood vessel tumor
hemangioma
benign cartilage tumor
chondroma
benign tumor derived from glandular epithelium
adenoma
benign epithelial neoplasm with cystic / fluid filled cavity
cystadenoma
benign epithelial neoplasm with finger like / papillary projections
papilloma
malignant tumor arising from epithelial tissue
carcinoma
malignant tumor arising from glandular epithelium
adenoma
malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue
sarcoma
malignant tumor arising from lymphoid tissue
lymphoma
malignant tumor arising from blood / bone marrow elements
leukemia
what are the steps of metastasis?
local invasion intravasation transport extravasation formation of micrometastasis colonization
during intravasation what must the tumor cells attach ti ?
stromal surface of vessel
during extravasation the tumor cells attach to the endothelial side of the blood vessels via ….
e selectin
metastatic insuffiency
low rate of success in forming metastases
what’s the rate limiting step of metastases ?
colonization
what’s the most important factor for the tumor to survive?
vascular formation ( production of VEGF)
dx of malignancy is ultimately done by what?
histology
what is cytogenetics
branch of genetics that studies structure of DNA in cell nucleus
many tumors have specific chromosomal ….
translocations or deletions
genes in breast cancer
BRCA1 and BRCA2
genes in lung cancer
EGFR
genes in retinoblastoma
RB
genes in melanoma
B-RAF
