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pathology > neoplasia I and ii > Flashcards

neoplasia I and ii Flashcards

1
Q

oncology

A

study of tumors

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2
Q

what is the main characteristic of malignant tumors?

A

metastasis

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3
Q

what are the histological features of distinguishing between benign and malignant?

A

borders
growth rate
anaplasia

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4
Q

what can be seen in malignant neoplasms?

A

mitotic figures

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5
Q

what are nuclear features of anaplasia?

A

pleomorphism
hyperchromasia
high nuclear/cytoplasm ratio

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6
Q

what occurs in epithelial tissue and is limited by the basement membrane?

A

dysplasia

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7
Q

true or false. in dysplasia the cells are normal.

A

false they are abnormal

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8
Q

what’s the clonality of Neo and hyper plasia?

A 
neo = clonal 
hyper = polyclonal
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9
Q

benign fat tumor

A

lipoma

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10
Q

benign sm tumor

A

leiomyoma

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11
Q

benign skeletal muscle tumor

A

rhabdomyoma

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12
Q

benign fibrous tissue tumor

A

fibroma

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13
Q

benign blood vessel tumor

A

hemangioma

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14
Q

benign cartilage tumor

A

chondroma

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15
Q

benign tumor derived from glandular epithelium

A

adenoma

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16
Q

benign epithelial neoplasm with cystic / fluid filled cavity

A

cystadenoma

17
Q

benign epithelial neoplasm with finger like / papillary projections

A

papilloma

18
Q

malignant tumor arising from epithelial tissue

A

carcinoma

19
Q

malignant tumor arising from glandular epithelium

A

adenoma

20
Q

malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue

A

sarcoma

21
Q

malignant tumor arising from lymphoid tissue

A

lymphoma

22
Q

malignant tumor arising from blood / bone marrow elements

A

leukemia

23
Q

what are the steps of metastasis?

A 
local invasion 
intravasation
transport
extravasation 
formation of micrometastasis 
colonization
24
Q

during intravasation what must the tumor cells attach ti ?

A

stromal surface of vessel

25
Q

during extravasation the tumor cells attach to the endothelial side of the blood vessels via ….

A

e selectin

26
Q

metastatic insuffiency

A

low rate of success in forming metastases

27
Q

what’s the rate limiting step of metastases ?

A

colonization

28
Q

what’s the most important factor for the tumor to survive?

A

vascular formation ( production of VEGF)

29
Q

dx of malignancy is ultimately done by what?

A

histology

30
Q

what is cytogenetics

A

branch of genetics that studies structure of DNA in cell nucleus

31
Q

many tumors have specific chromosomal ….

A

translocations or deletions

32
Q

genes in breast cancer

A

BRCA1 and BRCA2

33
Q

genes in lung cancer

A

EGFR

34
Q

genes in retinoblastoma

A

RB

35
Q

genes in melanoma

A

B-RAF

pathology (11 decks)

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