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Pathophys Exam 1 > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

“New Growth”

A

Neoplasia

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2
Q

Uncontrolled growth of cells, whose proliferation cannot be controlled by normal regulatory mechanisms of normal tissues

A

Neoplasia

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3
Q

The proliferation of neoplastic cells lead to what?

A

Tumors, in latin means “swelling”

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4
Q

Greek word for swelling

A

“Onkos”

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5
Q

Not all neoplasms are tumors. What is an example of this?

A

Leukemia

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6
Q

Not all swellings are neoplasms. Give an example.

A

Inflammations

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7
Q

How are tumors classified? (2 ways)

A
  1. Clinically (takes into account pt presentation & outcome)
  2. Histologically (gives morphologic make-up of neoplasm)
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8
Q

Are tumors classified as benign/malignant based on clinical presentation or histology?

A

The correlation of both

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9
Q

Tumor w/ limited growth potential & good outcome

A

Benign tumor

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10
Q

Tumor which grows uncontrollably & may kill host eventually

A

Malignant tumor

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11
Q

Definitive dx of tumors, whether benign or malignant is made by what?

A

The pathologist through pathologic examination

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12
Q

Tumors which are sharply demarcated from normal tissue & often encapsulated

A

Benign tumors

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13
Q

The capsule of a benign tumor is composed of what?

A

Connective tissue

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14
Q

Which tumors have an “expansile growth” and usually compress the normal surrounding tissue.

Expansile growth: pushing and well-circumscribed tumor border.

A

Benign tumors

(Macroscopic feature)

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15
Q

“Aden” + “Oma”

What do they mean?

What is an example?

A

Aden = glandular

Oma = benign

Ex: Colonic Polyp (tubular adenoma)

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16
Q

What are “fibroid tumors” called?

Give an example.

A

Leiomyoma

Ex: benign Leiomyomas of the Uterus

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17
Q

Tumors which lack a capsule and are not sharply demarcated from normal tissue.

A

Malignant tumors

(macroscopic features)

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18
Q

Which tumors invade surrounding tissue by infiltration causing a hallmark, “hemorrhage and necrosis” within the tissue?

A

Malignant tumors

(Macroscopic features)

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19
Q
  • Why can’t malignant tumors be removed as easily as benign tumors?
  • What is done instead of surgical removal?
A
  • Due to infiltrative growth & lack of sharp borders.
  • Debulking & chemotherapy
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20
Q

1 pediatric tumor of infancy

A

Wilms Tumor - Hemorrhage & Necrosis

(Kidney w/ huge mass)

*Malignant

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21
Q
  • Process in which cells move from one site to another in the body
  • Only malignant tumor cells have this capacity
  • Involves spread of tumor cells from a primary location to some other site in body
A

Metastasis

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22
Q

What is the one example of malignant cells which are not capable of metastasis?

A

Primary brain tumors (they will not leave the neuro axis, can only go to brain and spinal cord)

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23
Q
  • How many routes of metastasis are their? (pathways)
  • What are they?
A
  • 3
  • Lymphatics
  • Bloodstream
  • Direct extension of primary tumor, usually by seeding of the surface of body cavities
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24
Q
A
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25
Q

What route of metastasis does breast cancer take?

A

Lymphatics

26
Q

Which route of metastasis do most/many cancers take?

A

Bloodstream

27
Q

Which route of metastasis does Renal Cell Carcinoma seeding to adrenal gland take?

A

Direct extension

28
Q

**Metastatic Stomach Carcinoma to Ovary, what is this called?**

A

Krukenberg Tumor

29
Q

Retain the microscopic features of their tissue of origin and are named according to the cell type which they resemble most

A

Cells of benign tumors, named by their cell type plus “OMA”

30
Q

If epithelial and glandular origin, what is the name of the benign tumor?

A

Adenoma

(Ex: Thyroid follicular adenoma, hepatic adenoma)

31
Q

If squamous origin, what is the name of the benign tumor?

A

Papilloma

(Ex: skin or laryngeal papillomas)

32
Q

What would the name of a benign thyroid tumor be called?

(thyroid gland)

A

Thyroid Follicular Adenoma

33
Q

What is a benign liver tumor called?

A

Hepatic Adenoma

34
Q

What is a benign tumor on the skin of someone’s hand called?

A

Papilloma

35
Q

If a tumor is benign and of mesenchymal (embryonic connective tissue that is derived from the mesoderm) or connective tissue origin, how is it named?

A

Origin tissue + OMA

36
Q

Chondroma

A

Benign tumor on cartilage (connective tissue)

37
Q

Osteoma

A

Benign tumor from osseous tissue *bone*

(usually on skull)

38
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign tumor on smooth muscle

39
Q

Lipoma

A

Benign tumor on fat tissue

40
Q

Angioma

A

Benign tumor on blood vessel

41
Q

Rhabdomyoma

A

Benign tumor on skeletal muscle

42
Q

Fibroma

A

Benign tumor on fibrous tissue (collagen)

43
Q

What are malignant tumors of epithelial origin called?

A

Carcinomas

44
Q

Malignant tumors of breast, prostate, ovary, stomach, or colon are called what?

A

Adenocarcinoma

45
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma is found where?

A
  • Pelvis of kidneys
  • Bladder
46
Q

Breast Carcinoma and Gastric Carcinoma can also be called what?

A

Adenocarcinoma

47
Q

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) and Colon Cancer can also be called what?

A

Adenocarcinoma

48
Q

What are malignant tumors of connective tissue origin called?

A

Sarcoma

49
Q

Malignant fibrous tissue is called what?

A

Fibrosarcoma

50
Q

Malignant fat tissue is called what?

A

Liposarcoma

51
Q

Malignant bone tissue is called what?

A

Osteosarcoma

52
Q

Malignant cartilage is called what?

A

Chondrosarcoma

53
Q

Malignant skeletal muscle is called what?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

54
Q

Malignant smooth muscle is called what?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

55
Q

Where is a liposarcoma commonly found?

A

Retroperitoneal (fat around kidney becomes malignant)

56
Q

A common tumor in pediatric patients. Malignant bone tumors.

A

Osteosarcoma

57
Q
  • Common tumor in young female pediatric patients described a “grape-like clusters”
  • Easily treatable
  • Develops on vaginal orifice
  • Malignant
A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

(Sarcoma Botryoides)

58
Q

What are the 6 malignant tumors which end in OMA

(exceptions to the “Benign Oma Rule”)

A
  1. Lymphoma
  2. Melanoma
  3. Astrocytoma (most common glial brain tumor)
  4. Seminoma (most common primary testicular tumor)
  5. Mesothelioma
  6. Blastoma
59
Q

Very malignant and aggressive due to long term exposure to Asbestos

A

Mesothelliomas (Rind Tumor)

60
Q

Malignant tumors composed of embryonic tissue

A

Blastomas

  • Ex: retinoblastoma of eye
  • neuroblastoma of adrenal gland
  • Medulloblastoma from cerebellum (#1 pediatric brain tumor)

Pathophys Exam 1 (14 decks)

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