Neoplasia

Question 1

Define neoplasia

Answer 1

new growth

uncontrolled growth of cells whole proliferation cannot be controlled by normal mechanisms

Question 2

The proliferation of neoplastic cells leads to the formation of what?

Answer 2

masses aka TUMORS

Question 3

Which type of tumors compress tissue? (benign or malignant)

Answer 3

benign

malignant tumors invade tissue

Question 4

How can we definitively dx tumors?

Answer 4

pathologic examination

Question 5

What are some features of benign tumors?

Answer 5

• grossly, they are sharply demarcated from normal tissue, often encapsulated
• capsule usually composed of connective tissue
• have expansile growth and usually compress the normal tissue

Question 6

The prefix adeno means?

Answer 6

gland

Question 7

The suffix “oma” means?

Answer 7

typically means benign

Question 8

fibro?

Answer 8

cartilage

Question 9

angio?

Answer 9

blood vessel

Question 10

Leiomyo?

Answer 10

smooth muscle

Question 11

osteo?

Answer 11

bone

Question 12

What are some features of malignant tumors?

Answer 12

• lack of capsule, NOT sharply demarcated from normal tissue
• they INVADE surrounding tissue, causing a hallmark HEMORRHAGE and NECROSIS within the tissue

Question 13

Cachectic?

Answer 13

wasting of the body

Question 14

1 peds tumor?

Answer 14

wilms tumor

Question 15

Define metastasis

Answer 15

a process in which cells move from one site to another in the body

only malignant tumors can metastasize but not all malignant cells are capable of causing metastasis

Question 16

What are the 3 main pathways of malignant cells?

Answer 16

1. lymphatics (breast ca)
2. bloodstream
3. direct extension of the primary tumor (usually by seeding of the surface of body cavities)

Question 17

Krukenberg tumor?

Answer 17

metastatic tumor to the ovary, entire ovary becomes solid except for a little cyst

Question 18

prefix “chondr”

Answer 18

cartilage

Question 19

prefix “lipo”

Answer 19

fat tissue

Question 20

prefix “rhabdomy”

Answer 20

skeletal muscle

Question 21

suffix for connective tissue malignant tumors?

Answer 21

sarcoma

Question 22

prefix “fibro”

Answer 22

fibrous tissue (collagen)

Question 23

suffix for malignant tumors of epithelial origin?

Answer 23

carcinomas

Question 24

suffix for malignant tumors of connective tissue origin?

Answer 24

sarcoma

Question 25

Are all tumors that end in “oma” benign?

Answer 25

NO

Lymphomas, melanomas, astrocytomas, seminomas, mesotheliomas and blastomas are all NOT BENIGN

Question 26

Malignant tumors composed of embryonic tissue

Answer 26

Blastomas

= pediatric tumors

(retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, Medulloblastomas)

Question 27

tumors derived from the 3 germ cell layers are named…

Answer 27

teratomas (benign) or teratocarcinomas (malignant)

they are usually in the testes or ovaries and located within the midline of the body

contain things from all 3 germ layers including sebaceous glands, hair, muscle, bone

Question 28

How are tumors named when they cannot be classified according to existing criteria?

Answer 28

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Ewing’s Sarcoma of bone

Kaposi’s Sarcoma of the skin

Question 29

Cytologic/Histologic grading is based on…

Answer 29

the degree of anaplasia and on the number of proliferating cells

Question 30

Who grades tumors?

Answer 30

the pathologist

Question 31

Who stages tumors?

Answer 31

the oncologist

Question 32

Cancer grading

Answer 32

Grade I: well differentiated tumors

Grade II: tumors differentiated

Grade III: tumors are poorly or undifferentiated

Question 33

How does the TNM cancer staging system determine the stage?

Answer 33

gives a number designation to tumor size, lymph node status and metastasis to determine the stage