Neoplasia Flashcards
Define neoplasia
new growth
uncontrolled growth of cells whole proliferation cannot be controlled by normal mechanisms
The proliferation of neoplastic cells leads to the formation of what?
masses aka TUMORS
Which type of tumors compress tissue? (benign or malignant)
benign
malignant tumors invade tissue
How can we definitively dx tumors?
pathologic examination
What are some features of benign tumors?
- grossly, they are sharply demarcated from normal tissue, often encapsulated
- capsule usually composed of connective tissue
- have expansile growth and usually compress the normal tissue
The prefix adeno means?
gland
The suffix “oma” means?
typically means benign
fibro?
cartilage
angio?
blood vessel
Leiomyo?
smooth muscle
osteo?
bone
What are some features of malignant tumors?
- lack of capsule, NOT sharply demarcated from normal tissue
- they INVADE surrounding tissue, causing a hallmark HEMORRHAGE and NECROSIS within the tissue
Cachectic?
wasting of the body
1 peds tumor?
wilms tumor
Define metastasis
a process in which cells move from one site to another in the body
only malignant tumors can metastasize but not all malignant cells are capable of causing metastasis
What are the 3 main pathways of malignant cells?
- lymphatics (breast ca)
- bloodstream
- direct extension of the primary tumor (usually by seeding of the surface of body cavities)
Krukenberg tumor?
metastatic tumor to the ovary, entire ovary becomes solid except for a little cyst
prefix “chondr”
cartilage
prefix “lipo”
fat tissue
prefix “rhabdomy”
skeletal muscle
suffix for connective tissue malignant tumors?
sarcoma
prefix “fibro”
fibrous tissue (collagen)
suffix for malignant tumors of epithelial origin?
carcinomas
suffix for malignant tumors of connective tissue origin?
sarcoma
Are all tumors that end in “oma” benign?
NO
Lymphomas, melanomas, astrocytomas, seminomas, mesotheliomas and blastomas are all NOT BENIGN
Malignant tumors composed of embryonic tissue
Blastomas
= pediatric tumors
(retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, Medulloblastomas)
tumors derived from the 3 germ cell layers are named…
teratomas (benign) or teratocarcinomas (malignant)
they are usually in the testes or ovaries and located within the midline of the body
contain things from all 3 germ layers including sebaceous glands, hair, muscle, bone
How are tumors named when they cannot be classified according to existing criteria?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Ewing’s Sarcoma of bone
Kaposi’s Sarcoma of the skin
Cytologic/Histologic grading is based on…
the degree of anaplasia and on the number of proliferating cells
Who grades tumors?
the pathologist
Who stages tumors?
the oncologist
Cancer grading
Grade I: well differentiated tumors
Grade II: tumors differentiated
Grade III: tumors are poorly or undifferentiated
How does the TNM cancer staging system determine the stage?
gives a number designation to tumor size, lymph node status and metastasis to determine the stage
