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Patho > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

neoplasia means…

A

new growth

growth of cells whose proliferation cant be controlled by nl regulatory mechanisms

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2
Q

proliferation of neoplastic cells leads to formations of…

A

TUMORS

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3
Q

Onkos is greek for

A

swelling

-oncology

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4
Q

do all neoplasms form tumors?

A

NAHHH HONAYY, think about leukemia

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5
Q

what types of tumors have a limited growth potential and good outcome

A

benign

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6
Q

what types of tumors grow uncontrollably and can kill the host?

A

malignant

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7
Q

how can you get a definitive dx of a tumor?

A

pathologic examination

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8
Q

What are the features of a benign tumor?

A
  1. encapsulated
  2. expansile growth
  3. compress nl tissue
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9
Q

benign tumors are sharply _________ from nl tissue

A

demarcated

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10
Q

the capsule is composed of…

A

connective tissue

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11
Q

what are examples of benign tumors?

A
  • colonic polyp (tubular adenoma)
  • meningioma
  • adrenocortical adenoma
  • pleomorphic adenoma (salivary glad)
  • serous cystadenoma (ovaries)
  • leiomyomas of uterus
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12
Q

What are macroscopic features of malignant tumors ?

A
  • lack a capsule, not sharply demarcated

- invade via INFILTRATION which causes hemorrhage and necrosis

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13
Q

Why are malignant tumors more difficult to remove than benign ones?

A

malignant tumors lack sharp borders and have infiltrative growth

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14
Q

a process in which cells move from one site to another is …

A

metastasis

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15
Q

only __________ tumor cells have the capacity to metastasize, but not all of them can

A

malignant

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16
Q

What are the 3 main pathways for malignant cells to spread?

A
  1. lymphatics (breast cancer)
  2. bloodstream (several cancers)
  3. direct extension of the primary tumor by seeding the surface of the body cavities (renal carcinoma -> adrenal gland)
17
Q

What are the number one cancers that love to go to the brain?

A

breast cancer and melanomas

18
Q

Yes or no?

Benign tumors don’t retain the microscopic features of their origin tissue

A

NOOOOO

They do retain the features of their original tissue

19
Q

Naming benign tumors is:

A

tissue of origin + oma

ex. chondroma
cartilage + oma

20
Q

Whats the difference in naming benign connective tissue vs epithelial tissue?

A

nothing.

it is still: tissue of origin + oma

21
Q

malignant tumors of epithelial origin are called…

A

carcinomas

tissue + carcinoma
ex. squamous cell carcinoma

22
Q

malignant tumors of connective tissue origin are called…

A

sarcomas

tissue + sarcoma
ex. fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, osteosarcoma

23
Q

are all tumors that end in “oma” benign?

A

NOOO betches!!!

what about:

  • lymphoma
  • melanomas
  • astrocytomas
  • seminomas

these are HIGHLY malignant !!

24
Q

what is the number one peds and adolescent bone tumor?

A

osteosarcoma

25
Q

what are Teratomas/teratocarcinomas

A
  • always in the midline

- derived from three germ cell layers

26
Q

What are 3 things that only apply to malignant tumors?

A
  1. Metastasis
  2. Grading
  3. Staging
27
Q

Who grades malignant tumors?

How many grades are there and which one is the worst ?

A

Pathologist

3 grades. Grade III is the worst

28
Q

Who stages malignant tumors?

How many stages are there and which one is the worst?

A

Oncologist

4 stages. Stage 4 is the worst

29
Q

What does each grade mean?

A

Grade I: well differentiated
Grade II: moderately differentiated
Grade II: poorly or undifferentiated

30
Q

What does staging refer to?

A

Extend of spread

31
Q

How is staging done?

A

clinical assessment:

  • exam
  • radiology
  • biopsy
  • size of primary tumor
  • lymphnodes present?
  • is there distant metastasis
32
Q

TNM criteria is …

A

cancer staging system
T- tumor size
L- lymph Node status
M- Metastasis

33
Q

Define pleomorphism

A

when there is more than one distinct form of a natural object

Patho (6 decks)

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