Neoplasia Flashcards
neoplasia means…
new growth
growth of cells whose proliferation cant be controlled by nl regulatory mechanisms
proliferation of neoplastic cells leads to formations of…
TUMORS
Onkos is greek for
swelling
-oncology
do all neoplasms form tumors?
NAHHH HONAYY, think about leukemia
what types of tumors have a limited growth potential and good outcome
benign
what types of tumors grow uncontrollably and can kill the host?
malignant
how can you get a definitive dx of a tumor?
pathologic examination
What are the features of a benign tumor?
- encapsulated
- expansile growth
- compress nl tissue
benign tumors are sharply _________ from nl tissue
demarcated
the capsule is composed of…
connective tissue
what are examples of benign tumors?
- colonic polyp (tubular adenoma)
- meningioma
- adrenocortical adenoma
- pleomorphic adenoma (salivary glad)
- serous cystadenoma (ovaries)
- leiomyomas of uterus
What are macroscopic features of malignant tumors ?
- lack a capsule, not sharply demarcated
- invade via INFILTRATION which causes hemorrhage and necrosis
Why are malignant tumors more difficult to remove than benign ones?
malignant tumors lack sharp borders and have infiltrative growth
a process in which cells move from one site to another is …
metastasis
only __________ tumor cells have the capacity to metastasize, but not all of them can
malignant
What are the 3 main pathways for malignant cells to spread?
- lymphatics (breast cancer)
- bloodstream (several cancers)
- direct extension of the primary tumor by seeding the surface of the body cavities (renal carcinoma -> adrenal gland)
What are the number one cancers that love to go to the brain?
breast cancer and melanomas
Yes or no?
Benign tumors don’t retain the microscopic features of their origin tissue
NOOOOO
They do retain the features of their original tissue
Naming benign tumors is:
tissue of origin + oma
ex. chondroma
cartilage + oma
Whats the difference in naming benign connective tissue vs epithelial tissue?
nothing.
it is still: tissue of origin + oma
malignant tumors of epithelial origin are called…
carcinomas
tissue + carcinoma
ex. squamous cell carcinoma
malignant tumors of connective tissue origin are called…
sarcomas
tissue + sarcoma
ex. fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, osteosarcoma
are all tumors that end in “oma” benign?
NOOO betches!!!
what about:
- lymphoma
- melanomas
- astrocytomas
- seminomas
these are HIGHLY malignant !!
what is the number one peds and adolescent bone tumor?
osteosarcoma
