hemodynamic disorders & shock

Question 1

define embolus

Answer 1

freely moveable, intravscular mass that is carried from one anatomic site to another by the blood

Question 2

What are types of emboli?

Answer 2

• Thromboemboli
• liquid emboli
• gaseous emboli
• solid particle emboli

Question 3

Define thromboemboli

Answer 3

represent fragments of thrombi carried by venous or arterial blood.

Question 4

What does infected emboli give rise to?

Answer 4

septic emboli

Question 5

define liquid emboli

Answer 5

fat emboli that occur after bone fracture, and amniotic fluid emboli. Caused by the entry of amniotic fluid into the uterine veins during delivery

Question 6

Where can a septic embolus come from?

Answer 6

acute bacterial endocarditis

Question 7

define gaseous emboli

Answer 7

air embolism produced by injecting air into veins, air liberated under pressure, as in decompression sickness

Question 8

define solid particle emboli

Answer 8

like cholesterol crystals can detach from atherosclerotic plaques, from tumor cells or bone marrow emboli

Question 9

what is the number one vessel that is blocked by a tumor emboli?

Answer 9

renal vein

Question 10

Classic triad for adult respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 10

1. ARDS
2. Problems with mentation
3. low circulating platelet count

Question 11

What is the most common form of emboli?

Answer 11

thromboemboli

-they are classified on the basis of the vessels through which they are carried in the blood

Question 12

can emboli be classified anatomically?

Answer 12

Yes.

Ex. pulmonary embolism
venous emboli->venous circulation -> pul artery -> pul embolism

Question 13

where does an arterial emboli originate?

Answer 13

L atrium, L ventricle, aorta, major arteries

Question 14

what does an arterial emboli cause?

Answer 14

occlusion of peripheral arteries resulting in infarct

Question 15

Define paradoxical emboli

Answer 15

venous emboli that reaches arterial circulation through the foramen ovale or an interventricular septal defect that can cause symptoms similar to those of arterial emboli

Question 16

where do arterial emboli usually originate from ?

Answer 16

-endocardium
- valvular thrombi
-ulcerated atherosclerotic plaques (aortic or major branches)
-bacterial endocarditis
-

Question 17

what sized arteries typically get occluded by arterial emboli?

Answer 17

medium sized & smaller arteries

Question 18

what organ is at greatest risk for arterial emboli?

Answer 18

the brain

• emboli in cerebral circulation typically lodge in middle cerebral artery causing infarcts of basal ganglia

Question 19

what other organs are vulnerable to arterial emboli?

& give a main sxs

Answer 19

• spleen (sharp subcostal pain)
• renal (hematuria)
• intestine (infarct leads to gangrene and necrosis of bowel)

Question 20

Define thrombus

Answer 20

when fluid blood turns into solid aggregate that encompasses blood cells and fibrin

Question 21

What is fibrin

Answer 21

polymerized fibrinogen that forms a meshwork of thin filaments that bind together the cellular elements of the blood

-form thrombus or clot