Neoplasia

Question 1

cellular growth is determined by

Answer 1

type of cell

Question 2

three major groups of cell types

Answer 2

labile cells: in tissues undergoing rapid reproduction (skin, blood cells)

stable cells: in tissues that do not typically undergo reproduction (liver cells, vascular epithelium, smooth muscle, pancreas, kidney)

permanent cells: reached their final differentiation form, not capable of reproduction (cardiac muscle, nerve tissue, skeletal muscle)

Question 3

proto-oncogenes

Answer 3

act to promote growth of the cell in which they are contained

Question 4

tumor-suppressor genes

Answer 4

produce substances that inhibit cell growth

Question 5

DNA repair genes

Answer 5

monitor structural components of DNA strand in each cell

Question 6

neoplastic growth

Answer 6

-genetic change or mutation interferes with regulation of normal cell growth
-not same as hyperplasia
-permanent change in regulation of cell division, growth, or differentiation on a genetic level
-benign or malignant

Question 7

benign neoplasia

Answer 7

-DO NOT spread to adjacent tissues or metastasize to distant sites
-normally grown slowly by expansion
-usually encapsulated
-moves freely
-do not usually have an effect on host
-well-differentiated
-lost genetic capability to stop replicating

Question 8

malignant neoplasia

Answer 8

-ability to invade local tissues and to metastasize to distant sites
-rapid growth
-well-differentiated, mildly, or severely undifferentiated

Question 9

two types of malignant neoplasms

Answer 9

carcinoma: arising from epithelium
-squamous cell carcinoma
-basal cell carcinoma

sarcoma: arising from connective tissue
-osteosarcoma
-fibrosarcoma