Endocrine Flashcards
two major communication systems in the body
nervous system and endocrine system
nervous system vs endocrine system
nervous: fast processes or immediate actions, movement, thought, breathing, heartbeat
endocrine: slower processes, growth, metabolism, maintaining electrolyte balance, immune response
two types of glands in the body
exocrine glands and endocrine glands
exocrine glands
secrete their products on to the surface of skin or mucosa by ducts
endocrine glands
produce hormones
chemical messengers
regulate body functions
secrete hormones directly into without use of ducts
hormones
affect more than one type of cell or tissue
have different effects on each type of tissue
some require assistance from other hormones
target cells
cells having receptors for a specific hormone
tropic hormones
hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target
endocrine glands
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
pineal gland
parathyroid gland
thyroid gland
thymus
adrenal gland
pancreas
testis
ovary
what works in conjunction to cover the endocrine system
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
negative feedback system
when the hypothalamus notices a drop in a particular hormone it sends a message to the pituitary gland to secrete a tropic or releasing hormone
positive feedback system
cause an amplification of an endocrine reaction
all endocrine disorders come down to
hypersecretion
hyposecretion
role of hypothalamus
to signal pituitary to release hormones
hypothalamus and pituitary gland disorders
diabetes insipidus
hypopituitarism
growth hormone hypersecretion (acromegaly)
diabetes insipidus is not related to
diabetes mellitus
dental implications of diabetes insipidus
patients may suffer from hyposalivation/xerostomia
risk of increased caries
treatment protocols: fluoride treatments, saliva substitutes, xylitol products
hypopituitarism dental implications
delayed eruption of primary and permanent teeth, delayed exfoliation of primary dentition, malocclusion in children
dental implications of acromegaly
enlargement of mandible and maxilla
class III occlusion and separated teeth
enlarged tongue (macroglossia), fissures
ortho tx difficult
thyroid gland disorders
thyroid goiter
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism
a thyroid goiter can be observed in
the head and neck exam
hypothyroidism perioral and oral characteristics
facial and oral edema
enlarged gingival tissues and tongue
delayed exfoliation of primary teeth
delayed eruption of both dentitions
pharyngeal edema
goiter may be present
dental implications of hypothyroidism
gingival edema
pseudoanodontia
thyroid storm
a crisis or life-threatening condition characterized by an exaggeration of the usual physiologic response seen in hyperthyroidism
hyperthyroidism perioral and intraoral characteristics
children: early exfoliation of primary, early eruption of permanent teeth
adults: increased risk of dental erosion due to acids, increased risk of perio disease and/or caries, burning mouth syndrome, osteoporosis of the mandible or maxilla
dental implications of hyperthyroidism
topical fluoride for erosion and caries
monitoring of exfoliation and eruption
epinephrine and atropine are contraindicated
parathyroid gland is needed for
calcium balance in the body for normal muscle function and needed for stimulation of vitamin D
parathyroid gland disorders
hypoparathyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism dental implications
young children developing dentition undergoes hypoplastic changes that can result in pitting of the enamel and abnormal tooth form or number
hyperparathyroidism dental implications
demineralization seen in mandible and maxilla
radiographs may show loss of trabecular detail or show cystic appearance
take PAN if suspected
lamina dura may be partially or completely missing
teeth may loosen
implants may not be an option
pulps may completely calcify if renal disease
