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QUIZ 16 > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

2 components of tumor

A

parenchyma and stroma

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2
Q

parenchyma

A

clonal neoplastic cells that determine tumor’s biologic behavior

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3
Q

stroma

A

connective tissue and blood vessels around tumor for support and growth

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4
Q

amount of stroma determines _

A

consistency of the tumor

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5
Q

desmoplasia

A

abundant collagenous stroma due to stimulation by parenchymal cells

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6
Q

adenoma

A

benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from glands or forms glandular structures

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7
Q

common sites for adenomas

A

thyroid, bronchial, renal tubular, hepatic cells, and adrenal glands

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8
Q

papilloma

A

benign neoplasm arising from surface epithelium and forms fingerlike projections over a core of fibro-vascular tissue

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9
Q

common sites for papilloma

A

skin, tongue, bladder, choroid plexus, breast

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10
Q

cystadenoma

A

benign epithelial neoplasm that forms a cystic structure

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11
Q

common sites for cystadenoma

A

ovary

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12
Q

papillary cystadenoma

A

cystadenoma with papillary projections on its internal surface

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13
Q

common sites for papillary cystadenoma

A

ovary

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14
Q

polyps

A

neoplasms that produce a visible protrusion ABOVE mucosal surface; can be benign or malignant

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15
Q

malignant polyp

A

polypoid cancers

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16
Q

common sites for polyps

A

colon or uterus

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17
Q

benign mesenchymal connective tissue tumors

A

lipoma, fibroma, chondroma, osteoma

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18
Q

benign mesenchymal endothelial tumors

A

hemangioma, lymphangioma, and meningioma

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19
Q

lipoma

A

benign mesenchymal tumor of adipose tissue; most common benign tumor in males

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20
Q

fibroma

A

benign mesenchymal tumor of fibrous tissue

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21
Q

common site for fibroma

A

ovary

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22
Q

chondroma

A

benign mesenchymal tumor of hyaline cartilage with a nodular configuration

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23
Q

osteoma

A

benign mesenchymal tumor of bone

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24
Q

hemangioma

A

benign tumor of blood vessels

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25
lymphangioma
benign tumor of the lymph vessels characterized by cystic spaces
26
location of lymphangiomas
in the skin or deeper regions of the neck, mediastinum, peritoneum
27
leiomyoma
benign tumors of smooth muscle
28
common sites for leiomyoma
uterus, GI tract
29
rhabdomyoma
benign mesenchymal tumor of striated muscle
30
common site of rhabdomyoma
heart
31
hydatidiform mole
benign neoplasm of chorionic villi with appearance of grapes; associated with unviable pregnancy
32
melananocytic nevus
benign tumor of melanocytes
33
more than one cell type, one germ cell layer
single neoplastic clone creates a mixed tumor with epithelial component, myoepithelial components, and mesenchymal components
34
pleomorphic adenoma
mixed tumor that is a benign neoplasm of salivary gland; neoplastic cells have two different morphologic patterns but derive from same germ cell layer
35
more than one cell type, more than one germ cell layer
tumor of totipotential germ cells that can differentiate into any cell type; generally in ovary or testis
36
teratoma
arise from totipotential germ cells that differentiate into tissues that represent all three germ layers; common in gonads
37
choristoma
normal tissue misplaced within another organ
38
common choristomas
pancreatic tissue in a Meckel's diverticulum or stomach, adrenal tissue in renal cortex, cartilage in tonsil
39
hamartoma
non-neoplastic overgrowth of disorganized tissue indigenous to a particular site
40
example of hamartoma
bronchial tumor that contains cartilage, bronchi, and blood vessels
41
malignant mesenchymal tumors
sarcomas
42
malignant epithelial tumors
carcinomas
43
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from squamous epithelium
44
common sites for squamous cell carcinoma
lung, skin, cervix, esophagus
45
adenocarcinoma
malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from glandular tissues
46
common sites for adenocarcinoma
colon, lung, stomach, endometrium
47
urothelial carcinoma
malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from urothelium; bladder, ureters, renal pelvis
48
osteosarcoma
malignant tumor of bone
49
angiosarcoma
malignant neoplasm of endothelial differentiation; positivity vascular markers with CD31
50
common sites for angiosarcoma
skin of head and neck; breast after radiation, liver with vinyl chloride
51
metaplasia
replacement of one cell type by another
52
metaplasia associated with _
tissue damage, repair, regeneration
53
differentiation
extent to which a neoplastic parenchymal cell resembles a comparable normal cell (functionally and morphologically)
54
cancer grade is based on _
degree of differentiation
55
grade I
well differentiated
56
grade II
moderately differentiated
57
grade III
poorly differentiated
58
morphology of malignant cells
pleomorphism, hyperchromasia, increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, chromatin clumping, anaplasia
59
pleomorphism
variation in size and shape
60
hyperchromasia
increased DNA
61
pathways of spread
seeding of body cavities, lymphatics, hematogenous
62
seeding of body cavities
malignant cells exfoliate from the surface and implant and invade tissue in body cavities
63
carcinomas usually spread via _
lymphatics
64
sentinel lymph node
first node in a regional lymphatic basin that receives lymph flow from primary tumor
65
sentinel lymph node
first node in a regional lymphatic basin that receives lymph flow from primary tumor
66
sarcomas usually spread via _
hematogenous spread (venous)
67
osteoblastic metastasis
radiodensities, serum alkaline phosphate indicates reactive bone formation
68
osteoblastic metastasis common in _
breast, lung, thyroid, kidney, prostate cancers (BLT with kosher pickle)
69
osteolytic metastasis
radiolucencies, pathologic fractures, hypercalcemia
70
osteolytic metastasis common in _
lung cancer
71
stage of tumor based on _
tumor size, spread to lymph nodes, and presence or absence of metastases
72
asbestos
lung, mesothelioma, GI tract
73
alcohol
head and neck, hepatocellular
74
aflatoxin B
hepatocellular
75
arsenic
skin and lung
76
alkylating agents
acute leukemia
77
aniline dyes, aromatic amines,
urothelial cancer
78
benzene
acute myeloid leukemia
79
cadmium
prostate
80
cigarette smoke
oral, pharynx, larynx, lungs, esophagus, pancreas, bladder
81
sun
skin
82
nitrosamines (smoked fish)
gastric adenosarcoma
83
vinyl chloride
hepatic angiosarcomas
84
chromium and uranium
lungs
85
nickel
lung and oropharyngeal
86
DES
clear cell cancer of vagina
87
low-fiber diet
adenocarcinoma of colon
88
high-fat diet
breast
89
cancers in infants under 1 year
neuroblastoma, Wilms, rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma
90
cancers in children less than 5 years
acute lymphoblastic leukemia, neoplasms of CNS, Burkitt's lymphoma
91
cancers in children between 6-15 years
osteosarcoma, Ewings tumor, primary neuroectodermal tumor, medullablastoma
92
cancers in children between 25-40 years
testicular germ cell tumors
93
Hodgkins lymphoma
common at 20 and 60 (biphasic)
94
epstein barr virus
nasopharyngeal cancer; far east
95
HPV
cervical cancer
96
H. pylori
gastric cancer
97
esophageal cancer
african-americans
98
stomach cancer
japanese
99
colorectal cancer
united states
100
skin cancer
new zealand, australia
101
breast cancer
north america and europe
102
prostate cancer
american blacks
103
testicular cancer
africans
104
burkitt lymphoma
africa
105
multiple myeloma
american and south african blacks
106
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
elderly in europe and north america

QUIZ 16 (12 decks)

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