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QUIZ 16 > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

2 components of tumor

A

parenchyma and stroma

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2
Q

parenchyma

A

clonal neoplastic cells that determine tumor’s biologic behavior

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3
Q

stroma

A

connective tissue and blood vessels around tumor for support and growth

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4
Q

amount of stroma determines _

A

consistency of the tumor

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5
Q

desmoplasia

A

abundant collagenous stroma due to stimulation by parenchymal cells

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6
Q

adenoma

A

benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from glands or forms glandular structures

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7
Q

common sites for adenomas

A

thyroid, bronchial, renal tubular, hepatic cells, and adrenal glands

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8
Q

papilloma

A

benign neoplasm arising from surface epithelium and forms fingerlike projections over a core of fibro-vascular tissue

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9
Q

common sites for papilloma

A

skin, tongue, bladder, choroid plexus, breast

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10
Q

cystadenoma

A

benign epithelial neoplasm that forms a cystic structure

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11
Q

common sites for cystadenoma

A

ovary

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12
Q

papillary cystadenoma

A

cystadenoma with papillary projections on its internal surface

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13
Q

common sites for papillary cystadenoma

A

ovary

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14
Q

polyps

A

neoplasms that produce a visible protrusion ABOVE mucosal surface; can be benign or malignant

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15
Q

malignant polyp

A

polypoid cancers

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16
Q

common sites for polyps

A

colon or uterus

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17
Q

benign mesenchymal connective tissue tumors

A

lipoma, fibroma, chondroma, osteoma

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18
Q

benign mesenchymal endothelial tumors

A

hemangioma, lymphangioma, and meningioma

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19
Q

lipoma

A

benign mesenchymal tumor of adipose tissue; most common benign tumor in males

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20
Q

fibroma

A

benign mesenchymal tumor of fibrous tissue

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21
Q

common site for fibroma

A

ovary

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22
Q

chondroma

A

benign mesenchymal tumor of hyaline cartilage with a nodular configuration

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23
Q

osteoma

A

benign mesenchymal tumor of bone

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24
Q

hemangioma

A

benign tumor of blood vessels

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25
Q

lymphangioma

A

benign tumor of the lymph vessels characterized by cystic spaces

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26
Q

location of lymphangiomas

A

in the skin or deeper regions of the neck, mediastinum, peritoneum

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27
Q

leiomyoma

A

benign tumors of smooth muscle

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28
Q

common sites for leiomyoma

A

uterus, GI tract

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29
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

benign mesenchymal tumor of striated muscle

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30
Q

common site of rhabdomyoma

A

heart

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31
Q

hydatidiform mole

A

benign neoplasm of chorionic villi with appearance of grapes; associated with unviable pregnancy

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32
Q

melananocytic nevus

A

benign tumor of melanocytes

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33
Q

more than one cell type, one germ cell layer

A

single neoplastic clone creates a mixed tumor with epithelial component, myoepithelial components, and mesenchymal components

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34
Q

pleomorphic adenoma

A

mixed tumor that is a benign neoplasm of salivary gland; neoplastic cells have two different morphologic patterns but derive from same germ cell layer

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35
Q

more than one cell type, more than one germ cell layer

A

tumor of totipotential germ cells that can differentiate into any cell type; generally in ovary or testis

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36
Q

teratoma

A

arise from totipotential germ cells that differentiate into tissues that represent all three germ layers; common in gonads

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37
Q

choristoma

A

normal tissue misplaced within another organ

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38
Q

common choristomas

A

pancreatic tissue in a Meckel’s diverticulum or stomach, adrenal tissue in renal cortex, cartilage in tonsil

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39
Q

hamartoma

A

non-neoplastic overgrowth of disorganized tissue indigenous to a particular site

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40
Q

example of hamartoma

A

bronchial tumor that contains cartilage, bronchi, and blood vessels

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41
Q

malignant mesenchymal tumors

A

sarcomas

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42
Q

malignant epithelial tumors

A

carcinomas

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43
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from squamous epithelium

44
Q

common sites for squamous cell carcinoma

A

lung, skin, cervix, esophagus

45
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from glandular tissues

46
Q

common sites for adenocarcinoma

A

colon, lung, stomach, endometrium

47
Q

urothelial carcinoma

A

malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from urothelium; bladder, ureters, renal pelvis

48
Q

osteosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of bone

49
Q

angiosarcoma

A

malignant neoplasm of endothelial differentiation; positivity vascular markers with CD31

50
Q

common sites for angiosarcoma

A

skin of head and neck; breast after radiation, liver with vinyl chloride

51
Q

metaplasia

A

replacement of one cell type by another

52
Q

metaplasia associated with _

A

tissue damage, repair, regeneration

53
Q

differentiation

A

extent to which a neoplastic parenchymal cell resembles a comparable normal cell (functionally and morphologically)

54
Q

cancer grade is based on _

A

degree of differentiation

55
Q

grade I

A

well differentiated

56
Q

grade II

A

moderately differentiated

57
Q

grade III

A

poorly differentiated

58
Q

morphology of malignant cells

A

pleomorphism, hyperchromasia, increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, chromatin clumping, anaplasia

59
Q

pleomorphism

A

variation in size and shape

60
Q

hyperchromasia

A

increased DNA

61
Q

pathways of spread

A

seeding of body cavities, lymphatics, hematogenous

62
Q

seeding of body cavities

A

malignant cells exfoliate from the surface and implant and invade tissue in body cavities

63
Q

carcinomas usually spread via _

A

lymphatics

64
Q

sentinel lymph node

A

first node in a regional lymphatic basin that receives lymph flow from primary tumor

65
Q

sentinel lymph node

A

first node in a regional lymphatic basin that receives lymph flow from primary tumor

66
Q

sarcomas usually spread via _

A

hematogenous spread (venous)

67
Q

osteoblastic metastasis

A

radiodensities, serum alkaline phosphate indicates reactive bone formation

68
Q

osteoblastic metastasis common in _

A

breast, lung, thyroid, kidney, prostate cancers (BLT with kosher pickle)

69
Q

osteolytic metastasis

A

radiolucencies, pathologic fractures, hypercalcemia

70
Q

osteolytic metastasis common in _

A

lung cancer

71
Q

stage of tumor based on _

A

tumor size, spread to lymph nodes, and presence or absence of metastases

72
Q

asbestos

A

lung, mesothelioma, GI tract

73
Q

alcohol

A

head and neck, hepatocellular

74
Q

aflatoxin B

A

hepatocellular

75
Q

arsenic

A

skin and lung

76
Q

alkylating agents

A

acute leukemia

77
Q

aniline dyes, aromatic amines,

A

urothelial cancer

78
Q

benzene

A

acute myeloid leukemia

79
Q

cadmium

A

prostate

80
Q

cigarette smoke

A

oral, pharynx, larynx, lungs, esophagus, pancreas, bladder

81
Q

sun

A

skin

82
Q

nitrosamines (smoked fish)

A

gastric adenosarcoma

83
Q

vinyl chloride

A

hepatic angiosarcomas

84
Q

chromium and uranium

A

lungs

85
Q

nickel

A

lung and oropharyngeal

86
Q

DES

A

clear cell cancer of vagina

87
Q

low-fiber diet

A

adenocarcinoma of colon

88
Q

high-fat diet

A

breast

89
Q

cancers in infants under 1 year

A

neuroblastoma, Wilms, rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma

90
Q

cancers in children less than 5 years

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia, neoplasms of CNS, Burkitt’s lymphoma

91
Q

cancers in children between 6-15 years

A

osteosarcoma, Ewings tumor, primary neuroectodermal tumor, medullablastoma

92
Q

cancers in children between 25-40 years

A

testicular germ cell tumors

93
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma

A

common at 20 and 60 (biphasic)

94
Q

epstein barr virus

A

nasopharyngeal cancer; far east

95
Q

HPV

A

cervical cancer

96
Q

H. pylori

A

gastric cancer

97
Q

esophageal cancer

A

african-americans

98
Q

stomach cancer

A

japanese

99
Q

colorectal cancer

A

united states

100
Q

skin cancer

A

new zealand, australia

101
Q

breast cancer

A

north america and europe

102
Q

prostate cancer

A

american blacks

103
Q

testicular cancer

A

africans

104
Q

burkitt lymphoma

A

africa

105
Q

multiple myeloma

A

american and south african blacks

106
Q

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

elderly in europe and north america

QUIZ 16 (12 decks)

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