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QUIZ 16 > Immunosuppressive Drugs > Flashcards

Immunosuppressive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

IL-12

A

acts on Th1 to release IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF for pro-inflammatory mediators

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2
Q

IL-4

A

acts on Th2 cells to release IL-4 for autoantibody production

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3
Q

IL-6

A

acts on Th17 to release IL-17, IL-21, TNF for pro-inflammatory/regulatory factors

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4
Q

sirolimus mechanism

A

binds FKBP which inhibits mTOR, inhibiting protein synthesis, cell proliferation, growth factor receptors

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5
Q

mycophenolate mechanism

A

inhibits IMPDH to prevent purine synthesis

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6
Q

NF-AT effector genes

A

cytokines; IL-2, IL-6

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7
Q

NF-KB effector genes

A

receptors; IL-2, IL-12

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8
Q

STAT effector genes

A

other proteins; MHC antigens, adhesion molecules, etc.

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9
Q

cyclosporin/tacrolimus mechanism

A

inhibit FKBP/calcineurin pathway which prevents NFAT from allowing T cell proliferation and inhibits IL-2 production

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10
Q

induction therapy

A

pre-operative infusion of antibodies against T-cell antigens to inhibit function and deplete T cell numbers; valuable for delayed graft function

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11
Q

monoclonal antibodies for induction therapy

A

bind to IL-2 receptor

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12
Q

daclizumab, basiliximab

A

bind to IL-2 receptor (CD25) and inhibit signaling and decrease T cell numbers; induction therapy

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13
Q

alemtuzumab

A

bind to T-cell antigen CD52 for T cell depletion; induction therapy

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14
Q

major side effects of antibodies used in induction therapy

A

anaphylaxis and infections, anti-monoclonal antibodies, cytokine release syndrome

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15
Q

maintenance therapy

A

glucocorticoids + calcineurin inhibitors + mycophenolate or glucocorticoids + sirolimus + mycophenolate

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16
Q

glucocorticoids

A

affect cell proliferation and lymphocyte recirculation, reduce Ig levels, affect chemotaxis via IkB

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17
Q

glucorticoid side effects

A

moon face, adrenal suppression, hyperglycemia, ulcers, fluid retention, increased infections, weight gain, emotional stuff, osteoporosis

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18
Q

cyclosporin/tacrolimus side effects

A

nephrotoxicity, hypertension, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, GI effects, behavioral disturbances

19
Q

mycophenolate side effects

A

metabolic disturbances, leukopenia, infection; higher incidence of reaction in hep C transplants

20
Q

azathioprine

A

better for hepatitis C transplants; blocks purine synthesis

21
Q

azathioprine side effects

A

bone marrow suppression, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, GI/liver toxicity, nausea, infections

22
Q

sirolimus

A

best at inhibiting secondary immune response by inhibiting response to IL-2 and growth factors

23
Q

sirolimus side effects

A

hyperlipidemia, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow depression, anemia, infection

24
Q

methotrexate mechanism

A

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and cell proliferation

25
Q

methotrexate use

A

immune suppression in rheumatoid arthritis

26
Q

methotrexate side effects

A

hepatitis fibrosis, cirrhosis, pneumonitis, infections

27
Q

etanercept mechanism

A

soluble version of TNF-alpha receptor that acts as a decoy to decrease signaling to inhibit cytokines

28
Q

etancercept use

A

rheumatoid arthritis

29
Q

etanercept side effects

A

flu-like symptoms, acute hypersensitivity, reactivation of demyelinating diseases, lymphoproliferative reactions

30
Q

anakinra mechanism

A

soluble recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist protein that inhibits cytokines

31
Q

anakinra use

A

rheumatoid arthritis

32
Q

anakinra side effects

A

similar to etanercept

33
Q

infliximab/adalimumab mechanism

A

monoclonal antibodies against TNF that inhibit cytokines

34
Q

infliximab/adalimumab use

A

rheumatoid arthritis

35
Q

“umab”

A

human made

36
Q

“imab”

A

mouse made

37
Q

infliximab/adalimumab side effects

A

seurm sickness, upper RT infections, nausea, reactivation of demyelinating diseases

38
Q

rituximab

A

monoclonal antibody used for treatment-resistant RA

39
Q

taltz/cosentyx

A

anti-IL-17 antagonists used for RA

40
Q

taltz/cosentyx side effects

A

upper respiratory tract and fungal infections, IBS

41
Q

siliq

A

anti-IL-17 receptor for RA treatment

42
Q

siliq side effects

A

suicidal ideations, infections, IBS

43
Q

myasthenia gravis treatment

A

glucocorticoids, azathioprine, calcineurin inhibitors

QUIZ 16 (12 decks)

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