Neoplasia Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of a neoplasia?

A
  • Unregulated
  • Irreversible
  • Monoclonal
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2
Q

How can clonality be determined?

A

Through G6PD isoforms

  • Or androgen receptor isoforms
  • Both X-linked
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3
Q

A 1:1 ratio of G6PDA to G6PDB (G6PD isoforms in general) in the uterus indicates what?

A

Hyperplasia

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4
Q

An abnormal ratio of G6PD isoforms (1 G6PD isoform) in the uterus indicates what?

A

Neoplasia

- Indicates monoclonality - stems from one cell

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5
Q

How is clonality of B cels determined?

A

Ig light chain phenotype

- e.g 20:1 ratio of 2 types of light chain (kappa to lambda)

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6
Q

Are both benign and malignant tumours neoplastic?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What is a benign tumour of melanocytes called?

A

Nevus

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8
Q

What is a benign tumour of the epithelium with finger like projections called?
- Overlie a connective tissue core with a blood vessel in the centre

A

Papilloma

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9
Q

What is a tumour of the epithelium which prosuces glands called?

A

Adenoma

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10
Q

What types of cells cannot have benign tumours?

A

Lymphocytes

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11
Q

What are the most common cancers in adults?
What are the cancers which cause the most deaths?

Both in order

A

Incidence

  1. Breast/prostate
  2. Lung
  3. Colorectal

Mortality

  1. Lung
  2. Breast/prostate
  3. Colorectal
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12
Q

How many divisions occur before a cancer can be detected?

A

Approx 30

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13
Q

At what size are breast tumours usually detected by the patient?

What size can be detected on mammography?

A
  • 2cm by patient

- 1cm in mammography

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14
Q

On what chromosome can the G6PD and androgen receptor genes be found?

A

X chromosome

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