Neoplasia Flashcards
What are the characteristics of a neoplasia?
- Unregulated
- Irreversible
- Monoclonal
How can clonality be determined?
Through G6PD isoforms
- Or androgen receptor isoforms
- Both X-linked
A 1:1 ratio of G6PDA to G6PDB (G6PD isoforms in general) in the uterus indicates what?
Hyperplasia
An abnormal ratio of G6PD isoforms (1 G6PD isoform) in the uterus indicates what?
Neoplasia
- Indicates monoclonality - stems from one cell
How is clonality of B cels determined?
Ig light chain phenotype
- e.g 20:1 ratio of 2 types of light chain (kappa to lambda)
Are both benign and malignant tumours neoplastic?
Yes
What is a benign tumour of melanocytes called?
Nevus
What is a benign tumour of the epithelium with finger like projections called?
- Overlie a connective tissue core with a blood vessel in the centre
Papilloma
What is a tumour of the epithelium which prosuces glands called?
Adenoma
What types of cells cannot have benign tumours?
Lymphocytes
What are the most common cancers in adults?
What are the cancers which cause the most deaths?
Both in order
Incidence
- Breast/prostate
- Lung
- Colorectal
Mortality
- Lung
- Breast/prostate
- Colorectal
How many divisions occur before a cancer can be detected?
Approx 30
At what size are breast tumours usually detected by the patient?
What size can be detected on mammography?
- 2cm by patient
- 1cm in mammography
On what chromosome can the G6PD and androgen receptor genes be found?
X chromosome
