Carcinogenesis Flashcards
What cancer do aflatoxins cause?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
What cancer do alkylating agents predispose to?
Leukemia/lymphoma
What cancers can be caused by arsenic?
- Found in cigarette smoke and can be used on skin
- sq cell carcinoma of skin
- Lung cancer
- Angiosarcoma of liver
Where can arsenic be found on the body? - to test for
Fingernails and hair
Cigarette smoke can incr the risk of what cancers?
- Oropharynx
- Esophagus
- Lung
- Kidney
- Bladder
What component of cigarette smoke is particularly carcinogenic?
Polycyclic hydrocarbons
What do nitrosamines (found in smoked foods) likely to cause?
Stomach cancer
What cancer can naphthylamine predispose to?
- Found in cigarette smoke
Urethelial carcinoma of the bladder
What cancer does Vinyl chloride predispose to?
- Found in PVC, used to make pipes
Angiosarcoma of the liver
Nickel, chronium, berryllium and silica increase the risk of what cancer?
Lung carcinoma
What cancers does EBV infection predispose to?
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- Burkitt lymphoma
- CNS lymphoma in AIDS
What cancers does HHV-8 infection predispose to?
Kaposi sarcoma
What cancers does HBV and HCV predispose to?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
HTLV-1 infection predisposes to what cancer?
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
What cancers are caused by HPV (16, 18, 31, 33)
Sq cell carcinoma of the:
- Vulva
- Vagina
- Anus
- Cervix
- Adenocarcinoma of the cervix
What groups have a larger risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
- Male chinese
- African
What will nasopharyngeal carcinoma usually present with?
Neck mass
What is kaposi sarcoma a cancer of?
Endothelial cells
What group have an increased risk of Kaposi sarcoma?
- AIDS patients
- Older eastern european males
- Transplant patients
What is the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma?
- Excise
- HIV treatment if infected
- Decrease dose of immunosuppressent if transplant patient
Ionising radiation increases the risk of what type of cancers?
- AML
- CML
- Papillary carcinoma (thryroid)
How does ionising radiation (nuclear incidents, radiotherapy) increase the risk of cancer?
(MOA)
Through the generation of Hydroxyl free radicals
Nonionising (e.g. UVB sunlight) radiation increases the risk of what type of cancers?
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Sq cell carcinoma
- Melanoma of skin
How does Nonionising (e.g. UVB sunlight) radiation increase cancer risk?
(MOA)
Results in formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA, these are normally excised by restriction endonuclease
