Neoplasia Flashcards
What is a neoplasm?
Abnormal growth of cells that persists after stimulus removal
What does tumour mean?
A swelling
What does cancer mean?
A malignant noeplasm (non medical term)
What does metastasis mean?
A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its origional site to a new distal one
What does anaplasia mean?
When the cells no longer resemble the specialised ones that they origionated from.
Cells have no resemblance to any tissue
Malignat tumours
What does pleomorphism mean?
Variation in size and shape of cells
What does progression mean?
The process by which a monoclonal cell population ( with a mutation) aquires more mutations allowing a neoplasm to form
What is differentaiation?
The process of becoming different by growth or development
What does in situ mean?
The neoplasm is above the basement membrance
What is a Benign tumour?
Gross and microscopic appearaces are considered innocent
Confined to site origin and don’t metastasise
Well differentationed (resemble parent tissue)
How do Benign tumours grow?
In a confined local area Slowley Are uniform at cross sections Surrounded by Pseudo capsule Have pushing outer margins
What are malignant tumours?
Invaides surrounding tissue with potential to spread to distal sites
Range from well to poorly differentated (aplastic)
Can produce metastesis (primary/ secondary)
How do maligant tumors appear?
Irrugualr outline and shape
Ulcerations/ necrosis (bleeding)
Infltraive (hard to see where start and end)
Depends on how differentated they are
What increaes with worsening differnetiation?
- Nuclear size
- Nuclear to cytoplasmic size
- Nuclear staining (hyperchromasia)
- Mitotic figures
- Abnormal mitotic figures
- Pleomorphism
What does invasive mean?
That the neoplasm has breached the basement membrane
If this occours the neoplasm has to be melignant