Neoplasia 1

Question 1

Neoplasms behave like ________ as they compete with normal cells.

Answer 1

parasites

Question 2

Neoplasia is a loss of ________.

Answer 2

responsiveness to normal growth controls

Question 3

What is the “study of neoplasms”?

Answer 3

oncology

Question 4

A localized, slow growing neoplasm is often ______.

Answer 4

benign

Question 5

What is a cancerous, un-defined, rapid-growing neoplasm called?

Answer 5

malignant

Question 6

Which type of neoplasm is most common?

Answer 6

benign

Question 7

Most BENIGN tumors are designated by attaching the suffix -_____ to the cell type of origin.

Answer 7

-oma

osteoma = cell type + oma

Question 8

A neoplasm is made up of ______ and _____.

Answer 8

parenchyma and stroma

Question 9

What is the parenchyma?

Answer 9

neoplastic cells - the cells from which it derived

Question 10

What is the stroma?

Answer 10

supporting connective tissue and blood vessels

Question 11

True or False: If the neoplasms is symmetric and well-defined, it is most likely malignant.

Answer 11

False, more likely it’s benign

Question 12

What is an Adenoma?

Answer 12

benign gland-forming epithelial tumor or tumor derived from glandular tissue

Question 13

What is a papilloma?

Answer 13

benign surface epithelial tumor characterized by numerous finger-like (papillary) projections

Question 14

A FIRM, DEFINED, and MOBILE tumor under the tongue, would most likely indicate that it is ________.

Answer 14

benign (ex. salivary tumor- adenoma)

Question 15

_______ is the proliferation of tissues that are normally found at that site.

Answer 15

Hamartoma (ex. odontoma = poorly organized collection of teeth)

Question 16

_______ is a collection of tissue not normally found in that anatomic sites (“heterotopic rest”)

Answer 16

Choristoma

Question 17

________ is a neoplasm derived from more than one germ layer.

Answer 17

Teratoma

Question 18

True or False: Teratoma behavior can range from being benign to aggressive.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

How does the nomenclature differ for malignancies compared to benign?

Answer 19

Mesenchymal Malignancies = “-sarcoma”

Epithelial Malignancies = “carcinoma”

Question 20

Some malignancies differ from the nomenclature guidelines, what are the common four?

Answer 20

1. Lymphoma
2. Melanoma
3. Mesothelioma
4. Seminoma

Question 21

What is lymphoma?

Answer 21

malignancy of lymphoid tissue

Question 22

What is melanoma?

Answer 22

malignancy of melanocytes

Question 23

What is mesothelioma?

Answer 23

pleural malignancy

Question 24

What is seminoma?

Answer 24

testicular malignancy

Question 25

Which malignancy is responsible for the most deaths?

Answer 25

melanoma

Question 26

What are the four characteristics used to distinguish between benign and malignant?

Answer 26

1. differentiation 2. rate of growth 3. local invasion 4. metastasis

Question 27

What is differentiation?

Answer 27

how well the parenchymal cells of the neoplasm resemble their normal tissue of origin

Question 28

____ tumors almost always CLOSELY resemble normal tissue microscopically.

Answer 28

Benign (aka the cells look like those that they derived from)

Question 29

In benign tumors, "mitoses" are usually _____ and _____ in appearance.

Answer 29

scarce | normal

Question 30

True or False: Malignant tumors may have a wide range of differentiation.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

____-differentiated malignancies will resemble normal tissue to a large extent.

Answer 31

Well

Question 32

_____- differentiated malignancies are termed "anaplastic"

Answer 32

Poorly

Question 33

Anaplastic tumors are ____-grade malignancies.

Answer 33

high (poor = high)

Question 34

Well-differentiated malignancies are _____- grade.

Answer 34

low (well = low....."w" with "w")

Question 35

______ is the most extreme disturbance in cell growth and differentiation.

Answer 35

Anaplasia

Question 36

What are the common features of anaplasia?

Answer 36

- pleomorphism - nuclear hyperchromatism and variation in nuclear size/shape - numerous and atypical mitoses

Question 37

What is dysplasia?

Answer 37

disorderly, but non-neoplastic growth or proliferation

Question 38

Dysplasia usually refers to the epithelial process of ______.

Answer 38

maturation

Question 39

True or False: Dysplasias have the potential to become invasive carcinoma.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

If a cell is to become an "invasive cancer," what are the stages following "moderate dysplasia?"

Answer 40

After moderate dysplasia: - -> severe dysplasia - -> CARCINOMA IN SITU - -> invasive cancer

Question 41

What is the stage prior to invasive cancer?

Answer 41

Carcinoma in situ

Question 42

Histologically, what is good sign of dysplasia?

Answer 42

A darkened or "heavy" looking border along the basal epithelium

Question 43

Histologically, what is the difference between dysplasia and cancer?

Answer 43

``` Dysplasia = darkening of basal cells Cancer = darkened basal cells extend to superficial layers ```

Question 44

Malignancies may produce proteins that are functional but ________.

Answer 44

unrelated to the tissue type of the tumor

Question 45

What is the differences between benign and malignant in regards to "rate of growth?"

Answer 45

benign = more slowly growing...necrosis is uncommon well-differentiated malignances = relatively slow poorly-differentiated malignancies = rapid growth

Question 46

Some tumors outgrow their blood supply. This results in areas of _______.

Answer 46

ischemic necrosis

Question 47

True or False: Malignant neoplasms tend to remain localized.

Answer 47

false

Question 48

Benign neoplasms have slow-growth which usually results in formation of a compressed layer of connective tissue known as the ______.

Answer 48

capsule (encloses the tumor)

Question 49

True or False: All benign tumors have a capsule.

Answer 49

False, most but not all

Question 50

The capsule around a benign tumor makes the tumor _____.

Answer 50

mobile

Question 51

Malignancies grow by _____, ______, and _______ of surrounding tissue.

Answer 51

infiltration, invasion, destruction

Question 52

True or False: Malignancies lack well-defined capsules.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

What is the "most clinically reliable feature" for distinguishing malignant from benign tumors?

Answer 53

local invasiveness | malignancies Invade like a crab