Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension Flashcards
True or False: Vascular Disease is responsible for more morbidity and mortality than any other category of disease.
True
What are the two principal mechanisms of vascular disease?
- Narrowing or obstruction of lumina
2. Weakening of vascular walls
True or False: Weakening of vascular walls can lead to dilation and or rupture.
True
True or False: The low pressure side of circulation is arterial.
False
True or False: Vascular disease effects both the low pressure and high pressure sides.
True
On which side of circulation is the blood pressure controlled?
Arterial
*which is why vascular disease effects the high pressure (artery) side more often
______ is “hardening of the arteries”
arteriosclerosis
Medial calcific sclerosis is a ________ in the ______.
calcification in the muscle walls with no encroachment on the lumen
What is Monckeberg’s?
medial calcific sclerosis that is usually asymptomatic because there is no encroachment on the lumen
______ is “hardening of the arterioles”
arteriOLOsclerosis
With which two conditions is arteriolosclerosis often associated?
- hypertension
2. diabetes mellitus
What are the two types of arteriolosclerosis?
- Hyaline
2. Hyperplastic
______ arteriolosclerosis is associated with hypertension and diabetes.
Hyaline
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis is associated with _____ ______
malignant hypertension
Which form of arteriolosclerosis is associated with fibrocellular proliferation (more cells)?
Hyperplastic
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis is narrowing/hardening of arterioles by _______.
collagen
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis is narrowing/hardening of arterioles by _________.
smooth muscle and collagen
Which condition affects “larger arteries?”
atherosclerosis
_______ are the intimal lesions associated with atherosclerosis.
atheromas (atherosclerotic plaques)
True or False: Atheromas are protrusive.
True, they protrude into the lumen of the vessel
Atheromas create a ______ flow of blood and activate ________.
non-laminar
endothelial cells
What are the possible complications that may arise from atherosclerosis?
- enlargement and obstruction of blood flow
- weakening of underlying media of the artery
- rupturing of plaques that results in catastrophic vessel thrombosis
What is the basic structure of an atheromatous plaque (3 layers)?
- Media
- Necrotic Center
- Fibrous Cap (most superficial)
True or False: There is a high prevalence of atherosclerosis in Africa and the far East.
False, Low prevalence there…HIGH prevalance in the USA and western Europe
When did the death rate for MI peak at 54%?
1960s