Neonatology - Ag Flashcards
What are the 3 requirements for successful passive transfer of colostral Abs?
1) Adequate Colostrum
- Dairy cos = ~35mg/mL
- Beef cow = 90-100 mg/mL
- sheep, goats, and camelids similar to beef cattle
2) Colostrum intake - ingest adequate mass of IgG
- Total ingested = [IgG] x Volume
- Have to absorb it
- gut closure
- other interferences
What is the rough guidelines to ensure adequate intake of colostrum
Blood Protein Goals at 24-72 hours
- Serum
- < 4.2 mg/dL = FPT
- 5.2 mg/dL = APT
- Plasma -must account for fibrinogen of 300 mg/dL
- <4.5 g/dL = FPT
- > 5.5 g/dL = APT
How do you manage a weak/dummy neonate?
- Colostrum then milk
- tube
- indwelling naso-esophageal feeding tube - Selenium & Vit E
- Supportive care
- keep warm, vitamin/mineral supplementation, etc - Supplemental O2
- R/O infectious dz - How?
- CBC, Chem –> if there is a L shift already, then neonate septic in utero - Prevention - next season
What contributes to resp failure caused by NRDS?
inadequate surfactant production + structurally immature lung + highly compliant chest well –> predisposition for airway collapse
This leads to…
- high pressure needed to open airways
- increased breathing effort
- neonates succumb to exhaustion
What contributes to resp failure caused by NALI?
Caused by inflammatory process
- primary pulmonary infections (viral or bacterial)
- systemic inflammatory response (septicemia, trauma, burns)
Predispositions: -FPT
- adverse environmental conditions
- high pathogen load
- tx the primary problem
- supportive care
Explain the signs and treatment for neonatal septicemia
*Mostly due to Gram (-) infections (e coli and salmonella)
- same as for adult septicemia!
- INJECTED sclera!
Treatment:
- check passive transfer status 1st
- Abx
- NSAIDs
- IV fluids
- Plasma
- GI protectants
Describe risk factors, signs, and treatment of Clostridial Abomasitis and Enteritis
Risk factors:
- intermittent feeding of large volumes
- feeding cold milk
- dietary changes
- other enteric pathogens (coccidia, crypto, corona/rota)
- Cl perfringens Type A
- Abomasal trichobezoars
Signs:
- acute distention of abomasum with gas
- “sloshy” belly
- metabolic alkalosis due to ileus (acidosis if advanced)
- systemic shock
Tx:
- stop toxin production, reduce c. perfringens load, neutralize toxin, decompress abomasum, establish normal flora, promote healing, reestablish normal feed intake
- Abx: Penicillin (oral), Oxytetracycline
What should we expect in the healthy neonates?
- breath
- normal resp character
- hold head up
- hold sternal position
- suckle reflex
- standing
- nursing
- BG
- Temp
- HR
- RR
*If any of these are NOT met, then neonate is considered HIGH RISK
- breath –> 30 sec
- normal resp character –> 15-10 mins
- hold head up –> 15 mins
- hold sternal position –> 30 mins
- suckle reflex –> 60 mins
- standing –> 60 mins
- nursing –> 120 mins
- BG –> 100-150 mg/dL
- Temp –> 101-103F
- HR –> 100-140 bpm
- RR –> 30-60/min
How much colostrum should calves receive? (min)
Consume 2.5 to 5g IgG1 per kg BW
- within 6 hours
- *100-200 g IgG1 for 80-100 lb calf
Minimum Colostrum Intake - %s
Dairy Cow Colostrum = 10% BW
Beef Cow Colostrum = 5% BW
Ewe or Dow Colostrum = 5%
Llama or Alpaca Colostrum = 5%
Can we use Ceftiofur or Fluoroquinolone for neonatal septicemia?
Ceftiofur:
- extralabel dosing is PROHIBITED in cattle and swine
- dose and route on label might not be enough to some Gram (-) spp
Fluoroquinolone:
- Use for neonatal septicemia in a FA spp would be an extra label use and thus is strictly PROHIBITED by the FDA in the US
