Hematological Disorders - Ag Flashcards
3 causes of anemia in livestock
- Blood loss = low PCV AND TP
- acute and chronic
- thrombocytopenia
- clotting defects - Hemolysis = low PCV and normal or inc TP
- infectious and non-infectious - Inadequate erythropoiesis = mild to mod non-regen anemia, TP depends on underlying cause
How can you distinguish between IV and EV hemolysis?
What diseases cause these?
Extravascular: NO HEMOGLOBINURIA, normal urine
- Anaplasmosis
Intravascular: hemoglobinemia & hemoglobinuria (red urine)
- Babesia
- Cu toxicity
- Plant (onion, rape, kale)
- Bacillary hemoglobinuria
- Lepto
- Postparturient hemoglobinuria
- water intoxication
Anaplasma risks and control mechanisms?
Prevention & Control:
- insecticides & acaricides
- avoid IA transfer
- Vax?
- Endemic areas: introduce YOUNG animals into endemic areas; adults into endemic areas is very RISKY
(Risks) Transmission = ticks or cattle carrier
- *Persistently infected after initial infection/dz!
- PI animals serve as reservoirs of disease
Status of Babesia infections in cattle in the US?
Campaign started over 40 years ago has eradicated the tick vector of Babesia in all of the US…. but there is a permanent quarantine zone between TX and Mexico
Mycoplasma spp in camelide and how do we treat?
Mycoplasma haemolamae
CS: depression,weakness/recumbency, mod to severe anemia, profound HYPOGLYCEMIA
*often extravascular
Tx: Tetracyclines +/- blood transfusion
How do you reduce outbreaks of bacillary hemoglobinuria (aka “Redwater”)?
Hard to treat - try tetracyclines
Control:
- liver flukes (anthelmintic) - snail control
- 8 way clostridial vaccine
- incinerate carcasses to destroy spores
Common mechanisms assoc’d with Cu toxicity in sheep
- **sheep fed cattle/horse rations
- excessive supplementation (e.g. COWP administered for Haemonchus)
- plant toxins damage liver –> inc hepatic avidity for Cu
- phytogenous –> grazing plants with inc Cu:Mo
