Neonatology Flashcards
significance of delayed cord clamping
dec of incidence of anemia
prevents neonatal hypothermia and to inc colonization with protective family bacteria
uninterrupted skin to skin contact
target temperature for newborns
36.5- 37.5
Classification of prematurity based on BW
LBW: <2500g
VLBW: <1500g
extremely LBW: <1000g
Classification of prematurity based on gestational age
Late preterm ≥34, <37
Very preterm <32
Extremely preterm <28
most imp component of APGAR score is the
respiration
best description of APGAR
assess neonates in need of resuscitation
day of life NBS is done
24-48h `
expanded NBS covers how many diseases
28
ideal time for NBS for preterm
5-7 days
MCC of congenital hypothyroidism
Thyroid dysgenesis
purplish reticulated pattern noted on the skin of a neonate when exposed to cold
cutis marmorata
slate blue, well demarcated areas of pigmentation over the buttocks and back
mongolian spots
small white occasionally vesiculopustular papules on an erythematous base develop after 1-3 days. Contains eosinophils
Erythema toxicum
vesiculopustular eruption over a dark macular base around the chin, neck, back and soles, contains neutrophils
pustular melanosis
cysts appearing on the hard palate which is composed of accumulations of epithelial cells
Epstein pearls
pearly white papules seen mostly on the chins and around the cheeks
Milia
open and closed comedones or inflammatory pustules and papules on the cheeks of the baby usually after a week from delivery
neonatal acne
pink macular lesions on the nape, glabella, upper eyelids, or nasolabial region
nevus simplex
hair that covers the skin of preterm infants, seen on term infants around the shoulders
lanugo
cross the midline and suture lines
caput succedaneum
subperiosteal hemorrhage
cephalohematoma
limited to surface of one cranial bone
cephalohematoma
no discoloration of overlying scalp
cephalohematoma
edema, echymoses, and swelling apparent right after birth
caput succedaneum
may cause jaundice
cephalohematoma
term infant with severe respiratory disease, scaphoid abdomen on PE
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
MC type: Bochdalek hernia
omphalocoele or gastroschisis?
assoc with other congenital anomalies
omphalocoele
gastroschisis is more common on left side or right side of umbilicus
right side
triad of pathophysiology of NEC
intestinal ischemia
enteral nutrition
pathologic organisms
double bubble sign
duodenal atresia
UTZ: SMV to the left of the artery, upper GI series → absence of cecum
Dx: malrotation
surfactant is present in fetal lung by
20 wk AOG
surfactant appears amniotic fluid
28-32 wk AOG
mature levels of pulmonary surfactant present after
35 wk AOG
definition of apnea
cessation of breathing for longer than 20 secs
MCC of apnea
idiopathic
primary cause of TTN
slow absorption of fetal lung fluid
CXR: prominent pulmonary vascular markings, fluid in the intralobar fissures, overaeration, flat diaphragms
TTN
aspirated meconium, grunting, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions, tachycardic, hypoxemic
Persistent pulmonary HTN
Primary cause of PPHN
persistence of the fetal circulatory pattern of right-to-left shunting through the PDA and foramen ovale after birth
CXR finding of PPHN
normal
very useful diagnostic in evaluating a patient with PPHN
real-time echo with doppler flow
CXR finely granular lungs, ground glass appearance
hyaline membrane disease
CXR bubbly lungs
BPD
CXR coarse streaking granular pattern of both lung fields
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Perihilar streaking
neonatal pneumonia
CXR: prominent pulmonary vascular markings, fluid in the intralobular fissures, overaeration, flat diaphragms
transient tachypnea of newborn
MCC of jaundice in neonates
physiologic
