Cardiology Flashcards
Systolic ejection murmur at 2nd LICS, widely split S2
PE: right sided enlargement
ASD
systolic regurgitant murmur at LLSB, loud and single S2
PE: left sided enlargement; biventricular hypertrophy if with Eisenmenger syndrome
VSD
Continuous “machinery-like” murmur at the 2nd left infraclavicular area
PE: bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, left-sided enlargement, enlarged aorta
PDA
MC cyanotic heart disease in newborns
TGA
Main pathologic mechanism behind the hypercyanotic spells or Tet spells in TOF
due to decreased pulmonary blood flow
cardiac defect associated with Down syndrome
presence of endocardial cushion defect
cardiac defect associated with Marfan syndrome
MVP and progressive enlargement of the aorta
cardiac defect associated with Hunter syndrome or MPS II
thickening of cardiac valves
cardiac defect associated with Noonan syndrome
pulmonary stenosis
cyanosis manifesting within few hours at birth or within few days of life
TGA
cyanosis after 1st year of life usually in an infant or a toddler
TOF
Weak or absent femoral pulses; BP arms > legs; rib notching in xray
Coarctation of aorta
systolic ejection murmur at LUSB with radiation to upper back
Pulmonic stenosis
systolic ejection murmur at RUSB
Aortic stenosis
Procedure for coarctation of aorta
Primary reanastomosis or patch aortoplasty
Procedure for pulmonic stenosis
Balloon valvuloplasty
Valvotomy (Brock procedure)
Procedure for aortic stenosis
Balloon valvuloplasty Ross procedure (valve translocation)
Boot-shaped/ Couer en sabot
TOF
Egg on string
TGA
Snowman
TAPVR
Figure of 8
TAPVR
Rib notching
coarctation of aorta
inverted E
coarctation of aorta
3 sign
coarctation of aorta
late systolic murmur with an opening click
MVP
disparity in pulsation and BP in arms anf legs, weak popliteal, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis pulses
CoA
S2 widely split and fixed in all phases of respiration
ASD
loud, harsh, blowing holosystolic murmur
VSD
Blalock-Taussig shunt with GoreTex conduit
TOF
Aortopulmonary window shunt
TOF
Waterson Cooley
TOF
Pott shunt
TOF
Rashkind Atrial Septostomy
TGA
Jantene Arterial Switch
TGA
Senning and Mustard
TGA
Fontan procedure
Tricuspid atresia
Norwood procedure
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Glenn anastomosis
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Rubella
PDA
DM
TGA
Lupus
Complete heart block
Aspirin
Persistent pulmonary HTN
Alcohol
VSD and PS
Lithium
Ebstein anomaly
Mnemonics: minor crtieria for RF
FRAPE
-fever, risk factor (pre RH or RHD), arthralgia, prolonged PR interval on ECG, Elevated acute phase reactants: ESR/CRP/leukocytosis
Most consistent feature of acute rheumatic fever
Valvulitis
ASO titers usually become elevated __wks after strep infection, peaks at __ wks, and decreases after another __wks
2 wks
4-6
2 wks
antibiotic therapy once diagnosis of RF has been mafde regardless of throat culture results
10 days of oral penicillin or erythromycin
OR
single IM injection of benzathine Pen G
Afterwhich, long-term antibiotic prophylaxis
RF without carditis prophylaxis
5 yo or until 21 yo whichever is longer
RF with carditis but without residual HD (no VD)
10 yo or until 21 yo whichever is longer
RF with carditis and residual HD (persistent VD)
10 yo or until 40 yo whichever is longer, sometimes lifelong prophylaxis
top 2 common organisms causing IE
viridans Strep
S. aureus
Mnemonics: Duke Criteria
BE FEVERIsh
Major: Blood culture + Echo finding
Minor: fever, echo finding, vascular phenomena, evidence (microbial), risk factor, immunologic
tender, pea-sized intradermal nodules in the pads of fingers and toes
Osler nodes
painless small, erythematous, hemorrhagic lesions on the palms and soles
Janeway lesions
fish-mouth buttonhole deformity
mitral valve stenosis
How to differentiate murmur of VSD vs MR
VSD- no transmission to to the LAAL
MR- with transmission to LAAL
high-pitched diastolic murmur loudest at 3rd to 4th LICS, more audible when sitting and leaning forward
AR
diastolic thrill at 3rd LICS, hyperdynamic precordium, bounding water hammer pulse/ Corrigan pulse, wide pulse pressure
AR
