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PPS 2018 > Neonatology > Flashcards

Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

Preterm ADR

sulfisoxazole

A

Kernicterus

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2
Q

Preterm ADR

Chloramphenicol

A

gray baby syndrome, myelosuppression

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3
Q

Preterm ADR

NaHCO3

A

intraventricular hemorrhage

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4
Q

Preterm ADR

Amphotericin

A

anuric renal failure, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia

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5
Q

Preterm ADR

Indomethacin

A

Oliguria, hyponatremia, intestinal perforation

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6
Q

Preterm ADR

Cisapride

A

prolonged QTc

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7
Q

Preterm ADR

Tolazoline

A

Hypotension, gastrointestinal bleeding

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8
Q

Preterm ADR

Calcium salts

A

subcutaneous necrosis

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9
Q

Preterm ADR

Aminoglycosides

A

Deafness, renal toxicity

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10
Q

Preterm ADR

Prostaglandins

A

seizures, diarrhea, apnea, hyperostosis, pyloric stenosis

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11
Q

Preterm ADR

furosemide

A

deafness, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, nephrocalcinosis, biliary stones

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12
Q

Preterm ADR

erythromycin

A

pyloric stenosis

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13
Q

Indication of ROP screening

A

<27 wk AOG, or <1250 g

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14
Q

Asymptomatic subdural hemorrhages following labor should resolve by __

A

4 weeks

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15
Q

__ of infants <1500 g have IVH

A

30%

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16
Q

Single course of antenatal corticosteroids is recommended in pregnancies __ AOG that are at risk for preterm delivery

A

24-34 w

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17
Q

Therapeutic hypothermia
core temperature of __
duration __

A

33.5 C

Within first 6 hr after birth for 72 hours

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18
Q

Injury to the 5th and 6th cranial nerves

Characteristic position consists of adduction and internal rotation of the arm with pronation of the forearm

A

Erb-Duchenne paralysis

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19
Q

INjury to the 7th and 8th cervical nerves and 1st thoracic nerve
Paralyzed hand, possible Horner syndrome

A

Klumpe paralysis

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20
Q

Decision for surgical intervention for brachial palsy by __ if function has not yet improved

A

3 months

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21
Q

Drug and dose for respiratory depression caused by maternal sedation with narcotic drug within 4 hr prior to delivery

A

Naloxone hydrochloride 0.1 mg/kg

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22
Q

Apneic pauses of 5-10 sec followed by a burst of rapid respirations at a rate of 50-60 BPM for 10-15 sec

A

periodic breathing

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23
Q

Drug given for apnea of prematurity unresponsive to methylxanthines

A

doxapram

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24
Q

Acceptable blood gas values in RDS

A

PaO2 50-70
PaCO2 45-65
pH 7.2-7.35
PEEP 4-6

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25
Q

Contraindications to indomethacin

A
  • PC <50,000
  • bleeding disorders
  • UO <1 mg/kg/hr
  • NEC
  • Intestinal perforation
  • creatinine value > 1.8 mg/dL
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26
Q

Mild BPD in infants born <32 w

A

Treatment with >21% oxygen for ≥28 days

Breathing room air at 36 w postmenstrual age or at discharge, whichever comes first

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27
Q

Mild BPD in infants born ≥32 w

A

Treatment with >21% oxygen for ≥28 days

Breathing room air by 56 days or at discharge, whichever comes first

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28
Q

Moderate BPD in infants born <32 w

A

Need for <30% oxygen at 36 weeks postmenstrual age or at discharge, whichever comes first

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29
Q

Moderate BPD in infants born ≥32 w

A

Need for <30% oxygen at 56 days or at discharge, whichever comes first

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30
Q

Severe BPD in infants born <32 w

A

Need for ≥30% oxygen and/or positive pressure at 36 weeks postmenstrual age or at discharge whichever comes first

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31
Q

Severe BPD in infants born ≥32 w

A

Need for ≥30% oxygen and/or positive pressure at 56 days or at discharge whichever comes first

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32
Q

Minimum weight and age requirement for ECMO

A

≥2 kg, ≥34 w AOG

*ventilated for <10 days

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33
Q

___ (infection) has been associated with delayed onset of symptoms and a CDH

A

Group B streptococcal sepsis

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34
Q

Air can be demonstrated by radiographs in the jejenum by __
ileum __
colon __

A

Jejenum 15-60 min
Ileum 2-3 hr
Colon 3 hr after birth
Absence of rectal gas at 24 hr is abnormal

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35
Q

NEC triad

A

intestinal ischemia
enteral nutrition
bacterial translocation

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36
Q

Characteristic histologic finding in NEC

A

coagulation necrosis

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37
Q

Bilirubin level estimate
face
mid-abdomen
soles

A

face - 5 mg/dL
mid-abdomen - 15
soles - 20

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38
Q 
Physiologic jaundice in term infant
appears \_\_
disappears \_\_
peak concentration \_\_ at \_\_
rate \_\_
A

appears 2-3 days
disappears 4-5 days
peak 10-12 mg/dL at 2-3 days
rate <5

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39
Q 
Physiologic jaundice in preterm infant
appears \_\_
disappears \_\_
peak concentration \_\_ at \_\_
rate \_\_
A

appears 3-4 days
disappears 7-9days
peak 15 mg/dL at 6-8 days
rate <5

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40
Q

Clinical features of kernicterus acute form

A 
Phase 1 (1st 1-2 days): poor suck, stupor, hypotonia, seizures
Phase 2 (middle of 1st week): hypertonia of extensor muscles, opisthotonos, retrocollis, fever
Phase 3 (after 1st week): hypertonia
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41
Q

Clinical features of kernicterus chronic form

A

1st year: hypotonia, active deep tendon reflexes, obligatory tonic neck reflexes, delayed motor skills
2nd year: movement disorders (choreoathetosis, ballismus, tremor), upward gaze, sensorineural hearing loss

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42
Q

Physiologic decrease in hemoglobin in term infants

A

8-12 weeks, hemoglobin 11 mg/dL

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43
Q

Physiologic decrease in hemoglobin in preterm infants

A

6 weeks or 1-3 months after birth, 7-10 mg/dL

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44
Q

Average weight of term newborn

A

3000 g

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45
Q

Normal range of head circumference of newborn

A

32-37 cm

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46
Q

Preterm infants must be scored (Ballard) within __. Term infant within __.

A

Preterm 12 hr

Term 72 hr

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47
Q

Pupillary reflex is present by?

A

> 32 weeks

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48
Q

The ff reflexes disappear by how old?

  1. Moro
  2. Grasp: palmar and plantar
  3. Rooting and sucking
  4. Tonic neck
A
  1. Moro - 5 mo
  2. Palmar - 6 mo; plantar - 9-10 mo
  3. Rooting and sucking - 3 mo
  4. Tonic neck - 5-6 mo
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49
Q

Diseases detected in Philippines NBS

A 
CAH
Congenital hypothyroidism
Galactosemia
G6PD deficiency
PKU
50
Q

When is NBS done?

A

24-72 hr after birth, after milk feeding for at least 24 hr

Samples taken <24 hr from birth require repeat screening at 2 wk of age

51
Q

When is hearing screening done?

A

After 24 hr of life, not later than 6 mo

52
Q

Ffup of patients with hearing loss

A

Bilateral - within 2 wk

Unilateral 3 mo

53
Q

Umbilical cord normally falls off within

A

7-10 days

54
Q

Most common benign murmur

A

Peripheral pulmonary stenosis

55
Q

Average length of term newborn

A

50 cm

56
Q

Birthweight doubles by? (Fundamentals)

Triples by?

A

Doubles by 5 mos

Triples by 1 yr

57
Q

Infant’s length increases by 50% by __

A

1 yr

58
Q

Increase in infant’s length in cm
1 yr
2 yr
3 yr

A

1 yr - 25 cm
2 yr - 10-15 cm
3 yr - 7-10 cm

59
Q

By 2 yr, HC is __ of adult size

A

2/3

60
Q

Skeletal growth continues until fusion of epiphysis of long bones at __ in females and __ in males

A

14 yr for females

17 yr for males

61
Q

By the end of __ myelination of the cerebrum is completed

A

2 yr

62
Q

Average weight of the brain at 40 wk is __, reaches __ by the end of first yr

A

400 g

1000 g

63
Q

MUAC cutoff for severe acute malnutrition

A

<11.5 cm

64
Q

Formula for weight in 0-6 mo

A

Age in mo x 600 + BW (in g)

65
Q

Formula for weight in 6-12 mo

A

3600 + (age in mo x 500) + BW

66
Q

Formula for weight in 1-6 yr

A

(Age in yr x 2) + 8

67
Q

Formula for weight in 7-12 yr

A

[(age in yr x7)-5]/2

68
Q

Formula for length in 0-3 mo

A

BL + 9 cm

69
Q

Formula for length in 4-6 mo

A

BL+ 9 cm+ 8 cm

70
Q

Formula for length in 7-9 mo

A

BL + 9+8+5

71
Q

Formula for length in 10-12 mo

A

BL + 9+8+5+3

72
Q

Formula for length/height in 2-12 yr

A

(Age in yr x 6) + 77

73
Q

Midparental height in boys

A

[(paternal+maternal height)+13]/2

74
Q

Mid-parental height for girls

A

[(paternal+maternal)-13]/2

75
Q

1st among the senses to develop and is most developed at birth

A

Touch

76
Q

External genitalia is distinguishable by

A

10 wk

77
Q

Start of surfactant production

A

20 wk AOG

78
Q

Infants roll over by

A

5-6 mo

79
Q

Hands join together in the midline, allowing for transfers

A

5-6 mo

80
Q

Index finger approach by

A

8 mo

81
Q

Pincer grasp or thumb-finger grasp by

A

9-10 mo

82
Q

Voluntary release of objects held is noted, allowing for throwing of objects

A

10-12 mo

83
Q

Gurgling and cooing sounds by

A

6 w - 3 mo

84
Q

Babbling by

A

5-6 mo

85
Q

Nonspecific mama/papa by

A

9-10 mo

86
Q

Alerting response to human voice by

A

3 mo

87
Q

Turns head to source of sound by

A

5-6 mo

88
Q

Infants recognize and respond to their names by

A

6-7 mo

89
Q

Understands the concept of “no” by

A

9 mo

90
Q

Infants follow a 1-step command aided by gestures by

A

1 yr

91
Q

Single words with meaning by

A

12 mo

92
Q

Can run, pivot, walk backwards by

A

15 mo

93
Q

Can walk up the stairs with rails and throw a ball

A

18 mo

94
Q

Can jump with both feet at once, kick a ball forward and walk downstairs by

A

2 yr

95
Q

Spontaneous scribbling by

A

15 mo

96
Q

Draws circles with a series of perseveration lines by

A

2-2.5 yr

97
Q

By 2 yr, toddler may have acquired __ words. By 3 yr, vocabular booms to __ words

A

2 yr - 300 words

3 yr - 900 words

98
Q

Able to follow commands without gesture by

A

15 mo

99
Q

Follow 2-step commands by

A

18-24 mo

100
Q

Able to convey hunger and exhaustion by

A

3 yr

101
Q

Toddler is ready to be toilet trained by

A

2 yr

102
Q

Able to feed self and put on clothes with supervision

A

3 yr

103
Q

Able to jump forward and pedal a tricycle by

A

30 mo

104
Q

Able to imitate stroke on paper by

A

18 mo

105
Q

Able to imitate vertical lines by

A

24 mo

106
Q

Can hop by

A

4 yr

107
Q

Can skip by

A

5 yr

108
Q

Can draw a circle or a person with 2 body parts

A

3 yr

109
Q

Can draw a cross by

A

3.5-4 yr

110
Q

Can draw a square by

A

4-4.5 yr

111
Q

Can draw a triangle by

A

5 yr

112
Q

Can speak in complete sentences and understand concept of size by

A

4 yr

113
Q

Understands concept of time and follow 3-step commands by

A

5 yr

114
Q

Can dress independently

A

4 yr

115
Q

Can do simple errands and help in household chores by

A

5 yr

116
Q

Able to state their name, age and sex and understands prepositions by

A

3 yr

117
Q

Able to copy letters; still reverses some letters; draws a person with 12 parts by

A

6 yr

118
Q

Knows right and left sides by

A

7 yr

119
Q

Verbalizes emotions and follow 3-serial commands by

A

6 yr

120
Q

Able to dress completely and tie shoe laces by

A

6 yr

PPS 2018 (17 decks)

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