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PPS 2018 > Neonatology > Flashcards

Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

Preterm ADR

sulfisoxazole

A

Kernicterus

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2
Q

Preterm ADR

Chloramphenicol

A

gray baby syndrome, myelosuppression

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3
Q

Preterm ADR

NaHCO3

A

intraventricular hemorrhage

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4
Q

Preterm ADR

Amphotericin

A

anuric renal failure, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia

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5
Q

Preterm ADR

Indomethacin

A

Oliguria, hyponatremia, intestinal perforation

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6
Q

Preterm ADR

Cisapride

A

prolonged QTc

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7
Q

Preterm ADR

Tolazoline

A

Hypotension, gastrointestinal bleeding

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8
Q

Preterm ADR

Calcium salts

A

subcutaneous necrosis

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9
Q

Preterm ADR

Aminoglycosides

A

Deafness, renal toxicity

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10
Q

Preterm ADR

Prostaglandins

A

seizures, diarrhea, apnea, hyperostosis, pyloric stenosis

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11
Q

Preterm ADR

furosemide

A

deafness, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, nephrocalcinosis, biliary stones

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12
Q

Preterm ADR

erythromycin

A

pyloric stenosis

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13
Q

Indication of ROP screening

A

<27 wk AOG, or <1250 g

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14
Q

Asymptomatic subdural hemorrhages following labor should resolve by __

A

4 weeks

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15
Q

__ of infants <1500 g have IVH

A

30%

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16
Q

Single course of antenatal corticosteroids is recommended in pregnancies __ AOG that are at risk for preterm delivery

A

24-34 w

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17
Q

Therapeutic hypothermia
core temperature of __
duration __

A

33.5 C

Within first 6 hr after birth for 72 hours

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18
Q

Injury to the 5th and 6th cranial nerves

Characteristic position consists of adduction and internal rotation of the arm with pronation of the forearm

A

Erb-Duchenne paralysis

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19
Q

INjury to the 7th and 8th cervical nerves and 1st thoracic nerve
Paralyzed hand, possible Horner syndrome

A

Klumpe paralysis

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20
Q

Decision for surgical intervention for brachial palsy by __ if function has not yet improved

A

3 months

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21
Q

Drug and dose for respiratory depression caused by maternal sedation with narcotic drug within 4 hr prior to delivery

A

Naloxone hydrochloride 0.1 mg/kg

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22
Q

Apneic pauses of 5-10 sec followed by a burst of rapid respirations at a rate of 50-60 BPM for 10-15 sec

A

periodic breathing

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23
Q

Drug given for apnea of prematurity unresponsive to methylxanthines

A

doxapram

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24
Q

Acceptable blood gas values in RDS

A

PaO2 50-70
PaCO2 45-65
pH 7.2-7.35
PEEP 4-6

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25
Contraindications to indomethacin
- PC <50,000 - bleeding disorders - UO <1 mg/kg/hr - NEC - Intestinal perforation - creatinine value > 1.8 mg/dL
26
Mild BPD in infants born <32 w
Treatment with >21% oxygen for ≥28 days | Breathing room air at 36 w postmenstrual age or at discharge, whichever comes first
27
Mild BPD in infants born ≥32 w
Treatment with >21% oxygen for ≥28 days | Breathing room air by 56 days or at discharge, whichever comes first
28
Moderate BPD in infants born <32 w
Need for <30% oxygen at 36 weeks postmenstrual age or at discharge, whichever comes first
29
Moderate BPD in infants born ≥32 w
Need for <30% oxygen at 56 days or at discharge, whichever comes first
30
Severe BPD in infants born <32 w
Need for ≥30% oxygen and/or positive pressure at 36 weeks postmenstrual age or at discharge whichever comes first
31
Severe BPD in infants born ≥32 w
Need for ≥30% oxygen and/or positive pressure at 56 days or at discharge whichever comes first
32
Minimum weight and age requirement for ECMO
≥2 kg, ≥34 w AOG | *ventilated for <10 days
33
___ (infection) has been associated with delayed onset of symptoms and a CDH
Group B streptococcal sepsis
34
Air can be demonstrated by radiographs in the jejenum by __ ileum __ colon __
Jejenum 15-60 min Ileum 2-3 hr Colon 3 hr after birth Absence of rectal gas at 24 hr is abnormal
35
NEC triad
intestinal ischemia enteral nutrition bacterial translocation
36
Characteristic histologic finding in NEC
coagulation necrosis
37
Bilirubin level estimate face mid-abdomen soles
face - 5 mg/dL mid-abdomen - 15 soles - 20
38
``` Physiologic jaundice in term infant appears __ disappears __ peak concentration __ at __ rate __ ```
appears 2-3 days disappears 4-5 days peak 10-12 mg/dL at 2-3 days rate <5
39
``` Physiologic jaundice in preterm infant appears __ disappears __ peak concentration __ at __ rate __ ```
appears 3-4 days disappears 7-9days peak 15 mg/dL at 6-8 days rate <5
40
Clinical features of kernicterus acute form
``` Phase 1 (1st 1-2 days): poor suck, stupor, hypotonia, seizures Phase 2 (middle of 1st week): hypertonia of extensor muscles, opisthotonos, retrocollis, fever Phase 3 (after 1st week): hypertonia ```
41
Clinical features of kernicterus chronic form
1st year: hypotonia, active deep tendon reflexes, obligatory tonic neck reflexes, delayed motor skills 2nd year: movement disorders (choreoathetosis, ballismus, tremor), upward gaze, sensorineural hearing loss
42
Physiologic decrease in hemoglobin in term infants
8-12 weeks, hemoglobin 11 mg/dL
43
Physiologic decrease in hemoglobin in preterm infants
6 weeks or 1-3 months after birth, 7-10 mg/dL
44
Average weight of term newborn
3000 g
45
Normal range of head circumference of newborn
32-37 cm
46
Preterm infants must be scored (Ballard) within __. Term infant within __.
Preterm 12 hr | Term 72 hr
47
Pupillary reflex is present by?
>32 weeks
48
The ff reflexes disappear by how old? 1. Moro 2. Grasp: palmar and plantar 3. Rooting and sucking 4. Tonic neck
1. Moro - 5 mo 2. Palmar - 6 mo; plantar - 9-10 mo 3. Rooting and sucking - 3 mo 4. Tonic neck - 5-6 mo
49
Diseases detected in Philippines NBS
``` CAH Congenital hypothyroidism Galactosemia G6PD deficiency PKU ```
50
When is NBS done?
24-72 hr after birth, after milk feeding for at least 24 hr Samples taken <24 hr from birth require repeat screening at 2 wk of age
51
When is hearing screening done?
After 24 hr of life, not later than 6 mo
52
Ffup of patients with hearing loss
Bilateral - within 2 wk | Unilateral 3 mo
53
Umbilical cord normally falls off within
7-10 days
54
Most common benign murmur
Peripheral pulmonary stenosis
55
Average length of term newborn
50 cm
56
Birthweight doubles by? (Fundamentals) Triples by?
Doubles by 5 mos | Triples by 1 yr
57
Infant’s length increases by 50% by __
1 yr
58
Increase in infant’s length in cm 1 yr 2 yr 3 yr
1 yr - 25 cm 2 yr - 10-15 cm 3 yr - 7-10 cm
59
By 2 yr, HC is __ of adult size
2/3
60
Skeletal growth continues until fusion of epiphysis of long bones at __ in females and __ in males
14 yr for females | 17 yr for males
61
By the end of __ myelination of the cerebrum is completed
2 yr
62
Average weight of the brain at 40 wk is __, reaches __ by the end of first yr
400 g | 1000 g
63
MUAC cutoff for severe acute malnutrition
<11.5 cm
64
Formula for weight in 0-6 mo
Age in mo x 600 + BW (in g)
65
Formula for weight in 6-12 mo
3600 + (age in mo x 500) + BW
66
Formula for weight in 1-6 yr
(Age in yr x 2) + 8
67
Formula for weight in 7-12 yr
[(age in yr x7)-5]/2
68
Formula for length in 0-3 mo
BL + 9 cm
69
Formula for length in 4-6 mo
BL+ 9 cm+ 8 cm
70
Formula for length in 7-9 mo
BL + 9+8+5
71
Formula for length in 10-12 mo
BL + 9+8+5+3
72
Formula for length/height in 2-12 yr
(Age in yr x 6) + 77
73
Midparental height in boys
[(paternal+maternal height)+13]/2
74
Mid-parental height for girls
[(paternal+maternal)-13]/2
75
1st among the senses to develop and is most developed at birth
Touch
76
External genitalia is distinguishable by
10 wk
77
Start of surfactant production
20 wk AOG
78
Infants roll over by
5-6 mo
79
Hands join together in the midline, allowing for transfers
5-6 mo
80
Index finger approach by
8 mo
81
Pincer grasp or thumb-finger grasp by
9-10 mo
82
Voluntary release of objects held is noted, allowing for throwing of objects
10-12 mo
83
Gurgling and cooing sounds by
6 w - 3 mo
84
Babbling by
5-6 mo
85
Nonspecific mama/papa by
9-10 mo
86
Alerting response to human voice by
3 mo
87
Turns head to source of sound by
5-6 mo
88
Infants recognize and respond to their names by
6-7 mo
89
Understands the concept of “no” by
9 mo
90
Infants follow a 1-step command aided by gestures by
1 yr
91
Single words with meaning by
12 mo
92
Can run, pivot, walk backwards by
15 mo
93
Can walk up the stairs with rails and throw a ball
18 mo
94
Can jump with both feet at once, kick a ball forward and walk downstairs by
2 yr
95
Spontaneous scribbling by
15 mo
96
Draws circles with a series of perseveration lines by
2-2.5 yr
97
By 2 yr, toddler may have acquired __ words. By 3 yr, vocabular booms to __ words
2 yr - 300 words | 3 yr - 900 words
98
Able to follow commands without gesture by
15 mo
99
Follow 2-step commands by
18-24 mo
100
Able to convey hunger and exhaustion by
3 yr
101
Toddler is ready to be toilet trained by
2 yr
102
Able to feed self and put on clothes with supervision
3 yr
103
Able to jump forward and pedal a tricycle by
30 mo
104
Able to imitate stroke on paper by
18 mo
105
Able to imitate vertical lines by
24 mo
106
Can hop by
4 yr
107
Can skip by
5 yr
108
Can draw a circle or a person with 2 body parts
3 yr
109
Can draw a cross by
3.5-4 yr
110
Can draw a square by
4-4.5 yr
111
Can draw a triangle by
5 yr
112
Can speak in complete sentences and understand concept of size by
4 yr
113
Understands concept of time and follow 3-step commands by
5 yr
114
Can dress independently
4 yr
115
Can do simple errands and help in household chores by
5 yr
116
Able to state their name, age and sex and understands prepositions by
3 yr
117
Able to copy letters; still reverses some letters; draws a person with 12 parts by
6 yr
118
Knows right and left sides by
7 yr
119
Verbalizes emotions and follow 3-serial commands by
6 yr
120
Able to dress completely and tie shoe laces by
6 yr

PPS 2018 (17 decks)

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