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UCD Dermatology - Term 2 > Neonatal rashes > Flashcards

Neonatal rashes Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

When do you develop the following embryologically?

  • Nails
  • Hair
  • All layers of epidermis
  • Epidermal barrier
A
  • Nails: 8-9 wks
  • Hair: 17-19 wks
  • All layers of epidermis: 24 wks
  • Epidermal barrier: 35 weeks
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2
Q

When is erythema toxicum first noted?

What is a key feature of it?

What type of cells are seen?

What does it resolve?

A

24-48h post delivery

Spares palms/soles

Eosinophilic

Lesions last <1 day, settles within a week

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3
Q

Name this rash

A

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

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4
Q

When is transient neonatal pustular melanosis first noted?

When do they resolve?

What cells are seen in the pustule?

A

At birth (5% darker skins, <1% white)

Weeks to months

Neutrophils

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5
Q

Name this rash

A

Transient neonatal pustular melanosis

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6
Q

Name this rash

A

Miliaria rubra

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7
Q

What layer of skin does miliaria crystallina occur?

What layer of skin does miliaria rubra occur?

A

Eccrine sweat ducts

Spinous layer

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8
Q

Name this rash

A

Neonatal cephalic pustulosis

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9
Q

When is neonatal cephalic pustulosis typically seen?

When does it disappear?

A

2-3 weeks of life

By 3 months

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10
Q

Name this rash

A

Congenital candidiasis

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11
Q

When do lesions present for congenital candidiasis?

What does the rash look like?

Which population is at high risk of disseminated disease?

What is the mortality rate of disseminated systemic candidiasis?

How long do you treat with fluconazole?

A

At birth or first few days of life

widespread vesiculopustular eruption with fine scale

Premature/low birth weight infants

20%

21 days after microbiological clearance

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12
Q

Name this rash

A

Neonatal Candidiasis

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13
Q

When do lesions present for neonatal candidiasis?

Describe the appearance of lesions.

Where do the lesions tend to be located?

How are they treated?

A

1 week

Erythematous patches, satellite papules/pustules

Flexures and diaper area

Topical antifungal (imidazole = cannestan)

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14
Q

List 3 features of congenital HSV?

Which pregnancies are at highest risk?

What type of infection carries a 2% risk?

When are lesions noted with congenital HSV?

A
  • Aplasia cutus
  • Microcephaly
  • Temporal lobe encephalitis
  • Chorioretinitis

Primary infection during pregnancy (57%)

Recurrent infection

Birth or within 48h

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of neonatal HSV?

What is the incubation period for HSV?

What is the recommended treatment?

A
  • Mucocutaneous
  • Disseminated
  • CNS

4-21 days

IV Acyclovir 14-21 days, prophylaxis x 6 months

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16
Q

Name this rash

A

Neonatal lupus

17
Q

List 3 complications of neonatal lupus

What type of antibodies are seen with this disorder?

A
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Congenital heart block

Maternal anti-Ro and anti-La

18
Q

List 3 physical causes of blistering in a neonate

A
  • Iatrogenic
  • Sucking blister
  • Electrodes from fetal scalp monitoring
  • Instrumental delivery
  • Iodine/alcohol burn
19
Q

List 2 inflammatory causes of blistering in a neonate

A
  • Bullous mastocytosis
  • Urticaria pigmentosis
20
Q

List 3 autoimmune causes of blistering in a neonate

A
  • Bullous pemphigoid
  • Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood
  • Maternal bullous disease
21
Q

List 3 genetic causes of blistering in a neonate

A
  • Epidermolysis bullosa
  • Incontinentia pigmenti
  • Epidermolytic ichthyosis
22
Q

Name this skin disorder

A

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

23
Q

Name the location the exfoliative toxin attacks in SSSS

A

Desmoglein-1

24
Q

Name this rash

What is the deficiency?

List the triad

A

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

Zinc deficiency

  • Alopecia
  • Diarrhea
  • Periorificial rash/diaper rash
25
Q

Name this rash

A

Incontinentia pigmenti

26
Q

List the 4 phases of incontinentia pigmenti

What gene is implicated?

What is the inheritence pattern?

A
  1. Vesicular
  2. Verrucal/Crusting
  3. Hyperpigmented
  4. Hypopigmented

IKBKG (NEMO)

X-linked dominant

27
Q

Name this skin disorder

A

Epidermolytic Ichthyosis

28
Q

Where are the mutations located for epidermolytic ichthyosis?

Which mutation location is associated with palmoplantar keratoderma?

A

Keratin 1 and 10

Keratin 1

29
Q

Where is the mutation located in EB simplex?

What is the affected gene in dystrophic EB?

What is the affected gene in junctional EB?

What is the affected gene in Kindler syndrome?

A

Keratin 5 and 14

COL7A1

Collagen 17

KIND1

30
Q

List 3 complications of dystrophic EB

What is the expected life expectancy for junctional EB?

A
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Contractures
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Stenosis of the esophagus

5-6 months

31
Q

List 3 features of Kindler syndrome

A
  • Acral blisters in infancy
  • Photosensitivity
  • Poikiloderma
32
Q

What is the implicated transporter in infantile hemangiomas?

What type of blood flow is present in infantile hemangiomas?

A

GLUT1+

Fast flow

33
Q

What associations are seen with PHACES?

A
  • Posterior fossa anomalies
  • Hemangioma (segmental)
  • Artery abnormalities
  • Cardiac anomalies/coarctation
  • Eye abnormalities
  • Sternal abnormalities
34
Q

What associations are seen with SACRAL syndrome?

A
  • Spinal dysraphism
  • Anogenital anomalies
  • Cutaneous
  • Renal/urological Anomalies
  • Lumbosacral hemangioma
35
Q

What is the location that carries the highest incidence of Sturge-Weber syndrome?

What are 2 associations of SWS?

Where is the mutation?

A

Forehead

  • Glaucoma (ipsilateral)
  • Leptomeningeal angiomas
  • Seizures
  • Intellectual delay

Somatic mosaic mutation in GNAQ gene

36
Q

Name this skin lesion

A

Sebaceous nevus

37
Q

What type of cells are found in sebaceous nevi?

What can happen in adolescence?

What is the recommendation?

A

Sebaceous glands

Proliferate and become warty/lumpy

No longer excise. Monitor later in life.

38
Q

List the classification of congenital melanocytic nevi

What do they need to be monitored for?

Who is at highest risk?

What gene is affected?

A
  • Small (<1.5 cm)
  • Medium (1.5-20 cm)
  • Large (20-40 cm)
  • Giant (>40 cm)

Melanoma (neurocutaneous and CNS melanoma)

Giant CMN and those with satellite lesions

NRAS codon 61

UCD Dermatology - Term 2 (14 decks)

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