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Physiology > neonatal peroid > Flashcards

neonatal peroid Flashcards

1
Q

what is the neonatal period

A

the first 28 days after birth, midwifes and health visitors should provide follow-up in this period

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2
Q

what dose neo and natal mean

A

neo-newborn

natal-birth

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3
Q

name some differences between a fetus and a NB

A

1- F is in a liquid environment, NB in air environment
2- F gets O2, nutrient via placenta, Nb-O2, nutriants via lungs and GI tract
3-F-co2 removed via Pl, Nb co2 removed via lungs
4-F-urine execrated into embryologic sac,, NB URINE IN NAPPIE
5-F bowels closed, Nb-bowels open
6-F get everything via mother,

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4
Q

what 3 factors are essential for life

A

Oxygen
fuel (food)
waste disposal

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5
Q

where dose the F get O2

A

from the plcenta

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6
Q

when is the placenta removed from the m body

A

3 stage of labour

Birth is second stage

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7
Q

what is Forman ovale

A

a flap of muscle within the heart, in fetus this opens and connects the right and left atrium, open due to increased pressure (increase blood volume). closes after birth

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8
Q

when dose forman ovale close

A

after the birth

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9
Q

briefs explain blood from of the fetus from the Plecenta

A

Blood exits the P via the umbilical cord- passes through the umbilicus- bypasses the m liver and joins the inferior vena cava- enters the heart and mixes with o2 blood to become saturated- passes through forman ovale- exits heart via the ductus arteriosus and into the aorta- enters the hypogastric artieris-these pass back through the umbilicus and wrap abourd the U cord- these artiers enter the P and provide O2

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10
Q

what is the ductus arteriosus

A

connect truncus pulmonal and aorta- allows for blood to mix- gain O2

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11
Q

what is fetus saturation

A

75%- lower then normal adult as the F livins in an hypoxic environment- this keeps the shunts open

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12
Q

dose fetus blood travel directly to the lungs

A

no mixes in the heart with blood that has

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13
Q

what keeps the shunts open

A

the F livins in an hypoxic environment, smooth muscle and proglastnnins

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14
Q

what are the four unique structures of fetal circulation

A

Plecenta, ductus venous, forman ovale, ductus arteroiuos

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15
Q

what is the use of the plecenta to the fetus

A

organ of exchange
co2 out,O2 in
Nutrients in, waster out

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16
Q

what is the use of the ductous venous

A

liver bypass- connect the umbilical artery to the Inferior Vena cava
moms liver dose the work to remove waste products

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17
Q

what connects the umbilical artery to the Inferior Vena cava

A

the ductous venous- this bypasses the liver

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18
Q

what is the use of the forman ovale

A

right to left shunt in heart

Allows for the avoidance of the pulmonary circuit

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19
Q

what is the use of the ductus arteries

A

lung bypasses

Allows for the avoidance of the pulmonary circuit

20
Q

what is fetal Haemoglobin levels

A

180-220- this is low compared to normal adult HB levels as fetus have less rbc

21
Q

do f have high rbc

A

No. they have low rbc compared to normal adults

22
Q

what is one way in which the f copes with low O2 saturation

A

with fetal HB

23
Q

what is Fetal HB

A

HB that is more attached to O2

24
Q

what is the bronchi tree like in untro

A

full of embryotic fluid and is floaty

25
Q

what happens in w22-23 to the bronchi tree

A

the f practice moving the fluid in and out

26
Q

what is the impact of the f moving embryotic fluid in and out of the bronchi tree

A

this allows for the maturation of the diaphragm, rib cage muscles, lung tissue

27
Q

when is the embryotic fluid in the B tree expelled and how

A

in birth this fluid is expelled due to the squeezing of the contractions as the B moves down the birth canal

28
Q

what causes the first breath after birth

A

the temp change from a warm womb to a cold environment triggers thermal shock

29
Q

what dose the first breath after birth impact on

A 
Causes
Lungs to inflate
Fluid is pushed from the bronchial tree into the interstitial spaces in the lung
Alveoli held open with surfactant-reduces S tension in A
Gas exchange commences within alveoli
Oxygen saturation level rises
PDA begins to close
Functionally closed at 48 hrs
Ductus venosus begins to close 
over weeks
30
Q

what dose birth causes in the pulmonary system

A

Pulmonary capillary resistance falls & Systemic vascular resistance rises
Pulmonary blood flow rises, BP rises
Pressures equalise across atria
Foramen ovale closes

31
Q

what happens when the cord is clamped

A

Blood flow through umbilical arteries & vein ceases

32
Q

when is the adult circulatory system established

A

after birth

33
Q

when dose the Ductos Arteriosus close

A

closed by 48 after birth

34
Q

when dose the formale ovale close

A

after birth

35
Q

when dose the ductous venous close

A

begins to close after birth

36
Q

after delivery what will the B need to get fuel

A

food via b milk or formula this provides energy

37
Q

how is urine excreated after birth

A

still via the kidneys but now deposited in a nappy

38
Q

when do the bowels open

A

after birth

39
Q

what is the first poo after birth like

A

dark, tar like, sticky- full of things swallowed in the urtus

40
Q

what are the poo’s like after the first poo

A

depends on the milk
B milk- yellow-soft
F milk-more smelly

41
Q

what can delay the bowels

A

bowel obstruction, lack of food

42
Q

what do Hb degrade into

A

metabolised via the liver into bilirubin

43
Q

what issue can bilirubin causes

A

brain issues as it is small enough the pass through the brain blood barrier

44
Q

ways in which N and midwifes can asses progeess of NB

A

birth check
detection of abnormaities- head to toe- lims, spine temp
routine checks

45
Q

ways to assess progress and monitering NB

A

vital signs, weight (growth chart), top to toe, feeding, wet dirty nappies.

46
Q

name some Benefits of breastfeeding

A

For Mum
Reduced risk of breast and uterine cancer
Reduced risk of osteoporosis
Reduced risk of obesity

For Baby
Protection against infection
Protection against SIDS
Protection against childhood cancer
Reduces the risk of childhood obesity
Reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Physiology (10 decks)

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