neonatal peroid Flashcards
what is the neonatal period
the first 28 days after birth, midwifes and health visitors should provide follow-up in this period
what dose neo and natal mean
neo-newborn
natal-birth
name some differences between a fetus and a NB
1- F is in a liquid environment, NB in air environment
2- F gets O2, nutrient via placenta, Nb-O2, nutriants via lungs and GI tract
3-F-co2 removed via Pl, Nb co2 removed via lungs
4-F-urine execrated into embryologic sac,, NB URINE IN NAPPIE
5-F bowels closed, Nb-bowels open
6-F get everything via mother,
what 3 factors are essential for life
Oxygen
fuel (food)
waste disposal
where dose the F get O2
from the plcenta
when is the placenta removed from the m body
3 stage of labour
Birth is second stage
what is Forman ovale
a flap of muscle within the heart, in fetus this opens and connects the right and left atrium, open due to increased pressure (increase blood volume). closes after birth
when dose forman ovale close
after the birth
briefs explain blood from of the fetus from the Plecenta
Blood exits the P via the umbilical cord- passes through the umbilicus- bypasses the m liver and joins the inferior vena cava- enters the heart and mixes with o2 blood to become saturated- passes through forman ovale- exits heart via the ductus arteriosus and into the aorta- enters the hypogastric artieris-these pass back through the umbilicus and wrap abourd the U cord- these artiers enter the P and provide O2
what is the ductus arteriosus
connect truncus pulmonal and aorta- allows for blood to mix- gain O2
what is fetus saturation
75%- lower then normal adult as the F livins in an hypoxic environment- this keeps the shunts open
dose fetus blood travel directly to the lungs
no mixes in the heart with blood that has
what keeps the shunts open
the F livins in an hypoxic environment, smooth muscle and proglastnnins
what are the four unique structures of fetal circulation
Plecenta, ductus venous, forman ovale, ductus arteroiuos
what is the use of the plecenta to the fetus
organ of exchange
co2 out,O2 in
Nutrients in, waster out
what is the use of the ductous venous
liver bypass- connect the umbilical artery to the Inferior Vena cava
moms liver dose the work to remove waste products
what connects the umbilical artery to the Inferior Vena cava
the ductous venous- this bypasses the liver
what is the use of the forman ovale
right to left shunt in heart
Allows for the avoidance of the pulmonary circuit
what is the use of the ductus arteries
lung bypasses
Allows for the avoidance of the pulmonary circuit
what is fetal Haemoglobin levels
180-220- this is low compared to normal adult HB levels as fetus have less rbc
do f have high rbc
No. they have low rbc compared to normal adults
what is one way in which the f copes with low O2 saturation
with fetal HB
what is Fetal HB
HB that is more attached to O2
what is the bronchi tree like in untro
full of embryotic fluid and is floaty
what happens in w22-23 to the bronchi tree
the f practice moving the fluid in and out
what is the impact of the f moving embryotic fluid in and out of the bronchi tree
this allows for the maturation of the diaphragm, rib cage muscles, lung tissue
when is the embryotic fluid in the B tree expelled and how
in birth this fluid is expelled due to the squeezing of the contractions as the B moves down the birth canal
what causes the first breath after birth
the temp change from a warm womb to a cold environment triggers thermal shock
what dose the first breath after birth impact on
Causes Lungs to inflate Fluid is pushed from the bronchial tree into the interstitial spaces in the lung Alveoli held open with surfactant-reduces S tension in A Gas exchange commences within alveoli Oxygen saturation level rises PDA begins to close Functionally closed at 48 hrs Ductus venosus begins to close over weeks
what dose birth causes in the pulmonary system
Pulmonary capillary resistance falls & Systemic vascular resistance rises
Pulmonary blood flow rises, BP rises
Pressures equalise across atria
Foramen ovale closes
what happens when the cord is clamped
Blood flow through umbilical arteries & vein ceases
when is the adult circulatory system established
after birth
when dose the Ductos Arteriosus close
closed by 48 after birth
when dose the formale ovale close
after birth
when dose the ductous venous close
begins to close after birth
after delivery what will the B need to get fuel
food via b milk or formula this provides energy
how is urine excreated after birth
still via the kidneys but now deposited in a nappy
when do the bowels open
after birth
what is the first poo after birth like
dark, tar like, sticky- full of things swallowed in the urtus
what are the poo’s like after the first poo
depends on the milk
B milk- yellow-soft
F milk-more smelly
what can delay the bowels
bowel obstruction, lack of food
what do Hb degrade into
metabolised via the liver into bilirubin
what issue can bilirubin causes
brain issues as it is small enough the pass through the brain blood barrier
ways in which N and midwifes can asses progeess of NB
birth check
detection of abnormaities- head to toe- lims, spine temp
routine checks
ways to assess progress and monitering NB
vital signs, weight (growth chart), top to toe, feeding, wet dirty nappies.
name some Benefits of breastfeeding
For Mum
Reduced risk of breast and uterine cancer
Reduced risk of osteoporosis
Reduced risk of obesity
For Baby Protection against infection Protection against SIDS Protection against childhood cancer Reduces the risk of childhood obesity Reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
