neonatal peroid

Question 1

what is the neonatal period

Answer 1

the first 28 days after birth, midwifes and health visitors should provide follow-up in this period

Question 2

what dose neo and natal mean

Answer 2

neo-newborn

natal-birth

Question 3

name some differences between a fetus and a NB

Answer 3

1- F is in a liquid environment, NB in air environment
2- F gets O2, nutrient via placenta, Nb-O2, nutriants via lungs and GI tract
3-F-co2 removed via Pl, Nb co2 removed via lungs
4-F-urine execrated into embryologic sac,, NB URINE IN NAPPIE
5-F bowels closed, Nb-bowels open
6-F get everything via mother,

Question 4

what 3 factors are essential for life

Answer 4

Oxygen
fuel (food)
waste disposal

Question 5

where dose the F get O2

Answer 5

from the plcenta

Question 6

when is the placenta removed from the m body

Answer 6

3 stage of labour

Birth is second stage

Question 7

what is Forman ovale

Answer 7

a flap of muscle within the heart, in fetus this opens and connects the right and left atrium, open due to increased pressure (increase blood volume). closes after birth

Question 8

when dose forman ovale close

Answer 8

after the birth

Question 9

briefs explain blood from of the fetus from the Plecenta

Answer 9

Blood exits the P via the umbilical cord- passes through the umbilicus- bypasses the m liver and joins the inferior vena cava- enters the heart and mixes with o2 blood to become saturated- passes through forman ovale- exits heart via the ductus arteriosus and into the aorta- enters the hypogastric artieris-these pass back through the umbilicus and wrap abourd the U cord- these artiers enter the P and provide O2

Question 10

what is the ductus arteriosus

Answer 10

connect truncus pulmonal and aorta- allows for blood to mix- gain O2

Question 11

what is fetus saturation

Answer 11

75%- lower then normal adult as the F livins in an hypoxic environment- this keeps the shunts open

Question 12

dose fetus blood travel directly to the lungs

Answer 12

no mixes in the heart with blood that has

Question 13

what keeps the shunts open

Answer 13

the F livins in an hypoxic environment, smooth muscle and proglastnnins

Question 14

what are the four unique structures of fetal circulation

Answer 14

Plecenta, ductus venous, forman ovale, ductus arteroiuos

Question 15

what is the use of the plecenta to the fetus

Answer 15

organ of exchange
co2 out,O2 in
Nutrients in, waster out

Question 16

what is the use of the ductous venous

Answer 16

liver bypass- connect the umbilical artery to the Inferior Vena cava
moms liver dose the work to remove waste products

Question 17

what connects the umbilical artery to the Inferior Vena cava

Answer 17

the ductous venous- this bypasses the liver

Question 18

what is the use of the forman ovale

Answer 18

right to left shunt in heart

Allows for the avoidance of the pulmonary circuit

Question 19

what is the use of the ductus arteries

Answer 19

lung bypasses

Allows for the avoidance of the pulmonary circuit

Question 20

what is fetal Haemoglobin levels

Answer 20

180-220- this is low compared to normal adult HB levels as fetus have less rbc

Question 21

do f have high rbc

Answer 21

No. they have low rbc compared to normal adults

Question 22

what is one way in which the f copes with low O2 saturation

Answer 22

with fetal HB

Question 23

what is Fetal HB

Answer 23

HB that is more attached to O2

Question 24

what is the bronchi tree like in untro

Answer 24

full of embryotic fluid and is floaty

Question 25

what happens in w22-23 to the bronchi tree

Answer 25

the f practice moving the fluid in and out

Question 26

what is the impact of the f moving embryotic fluid in and out of the bronchi tree

Answer 26

this allows for the maturation of the diaphragm, rib cage muscles, lung tissue

Question 27

when is the embryotic fluid in the B tree expelled and how

Answer 27

in birth this fluid is expelled due to the squeezing of the contractions as the B moves down the birth canal

Question 28

what causes the first breath after birth

Answer 28

the temp change from a warm womb to a cold environment triggers thermal shock

Question 29

what dose the first breath after birth impact on

Answer 29

``` Causes Lungs to inflate Fluid is pushed from the bronchial tree into the interstitial spaces in the lung Alveoli held open with surfactant-reduces S tension in A Gas exchange commences within alveoli Oxygen saturation level rises PDA begins to close Functionally closed at 48 hrs Ductus venosus begins to close over weeks ```

Question 30

what dose birth causes in the pulmonary system

Answer 30

Pulmonary capillary resistance falls & Systemic vascular resistance rises Pulmonary blood flow rises, BP rises Pressures equalise across atria Foramen ovale closes

Question 31

what happens when the cord is clamped

Answer 31

Blood flow through umbilical arteries & vein ceases

Question 32

when is the adult circulatory system established

Answer 32

after birth

Question 33

when dose the Ductos Arteriosus close

Answer 33

closed by 48 after birth

Question 34

when dose the formale ovale close

Answer 34

after birth

Question 35

when dose the ductous venous close

Answer 35

begins to close after birth

Question 36

after delivery what will the B need to get fuel

Answer 36

food via b milk or formula this provides energy

Question 37

how is urine excreated after birth

Answer 37

still via the kidneys but now deposited in a nappy

Question 38

when do the bowels open

Answer 38

after birth

Question 39

what is the first poo after birth like

Answer 39

dark, tar like, sticky- full of things swallowed in the urtus

Question 40

what are the poo's like after the first poo

Answer 40

depends on the milk B milk- yellow-soft F milk-more smelly

Question 41

what can delay the bowels

Answer 41

bowel obstruction, lack of food

Question 42

what do Hb degrade into

Answer 42

metabolised via the liver into bilirubin

Question 43

what issue can bilirubin causes

Answer 43

brain issues as it is small enough the pass through the brain blood barrier

Question 44

ways in which N and midwifes can asses progeess of NB

Answer 44

birth check detection of abnormaities- head to toe- lims, spine temp routine checks

Question 45

ways to assess progress and monitering NB

Answer 45

vital signs, weight (growth chart), top to toe, feeding, wet dirty nappies.

Question 46

name some Benefits of breastfeeding

Answer 46

For Mum Reduced risk of breast and uterine cancer Reduced risk of osteoporosis Reduced risk of obesity ``` For Baby Protection against infection Protection against SIDS Protection against childhood cancer Reduces the risk of childhood obesity Reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease ```