Female reproductive physiology Flashcards
what are the sex organs
the ovaries
what is a gonad
pair pf primary sex organs- ovaries that store, produce and nurish the gametes
what are the gametes
sex cells- ova and spermatozoa
how many chromosomes do the gametes have
23- haploid- 22 normal chromosomes and 1 sex chromosome
what are the sex chromosomes of each gamete
Ova sex chromosome is an X
spermatozoa- either X OR Y
are the gonads an endo or exocrine gland
endocrine gland-
what holds the ovaries in place
ovarian ligament, which is a fold within the peritoneum
what is the function of the ovaries
produce fertilisable oocytes, secretion of hormones that prepare, establish and support pregnancy
adaptations of the fallopian tube
finger like appendages called Fimbria that move the ova into the tube once it has been expelled by the follicle
Cilia cell lining the tube, move the egg cell along
how many sections are in the fallopian tube
3
what are the names of the fallopian tube sections
near ovary- infundibulum
Middle section- Ampulla
opening to the uterus- Isthmus
what is the fallopian tube
10cm long smooth muscle tube, lined with cilia cells
mobile and not fixed, can twist which causes issues
what is the external female gentile for and made up of
protection against infection and damage
Clitoris, labia major, labia minora, mons pubis
what is the uterus
thick muscled organ, that can expand during
pregnancy
function of uterus
protects and nourishes baby
role in menstruation, embryo development, labour
How many layers dose the uterus have
3 layers
Stratum compactum
Stratum spongiosum
Stratum basale
what is a follicle
one egg cell surrounded by one or more layers of follicle cells
function of a follicle
protect, support, nourish the developing ova,
what hormone dose a follicle produce
oestrogen
how many follicle release an egg in a women’s lifetime
only several hundred follicles release eggs out of around 400,000 follicles which are their from birth
what is oogenesis
consists of the meiotic cell divisions that lead to the production of ova (eggs) in females
The process begins during fetal development with the fetal ovary. Diploid cells called oogonia divide by mitosis and differentiate to produce primary oocytes (still diploid with 46 chromosomes).
what is a corpus lutem
the remains of the follicle following ovulation. It remains functional, producing oestrogen, progesterone, and inhibin, until it finally degenerates
what do cilia in the FT do
move the ova down the tube
what hormone causes a follicle to start developing an oocyte
Follicle stimulating hormone, (FSH)
what hormone triggers ovulation
liturgising hormone (LH)
what is Gonadotrophin - releasing hormone (GnRH)
produced by the Hypothalamus and controls the release of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinising Hormone (LH)
function of FSH
stimulates the ovaries to grow an ovum
function of LH
triggers ovulation and the growth of the Corpus Luteum
function of oestrogen
produced by the ovum and the corpus luteum. This then reduces the amounts of FSH and LH to prevent too many ovum developing. It plays a role in developing the lining of the uterus ready for embryo growth
function of progesterone
released by the corpus luteum and works to develop the endometrium and stimulates the mammary glands
how many phase dose the ovarian cycle have
3 the follicle phrase, ovulation, luteal phrase
what happens in the follicular phase
the development of the follicle, the meiotic stages of division leading to the formation of the secondary oocytes, and the secretion of oestrogen from the follicle
when is ovulation and what causes it
around day14-15, and is caused by the high levels of LH
Explain the luteal phase
Day-15-28
Ovum expelled the egg, the follicle collapse and becomes a corpus lutum, this produces Mostly progesterone and a little bit of oestrogen
If egg is not fertilised then the CL collapses, O and P stop
, endometrium collapses which causes bleeding
what is a corpus lutum
remains of a follicle that has released an egg, it produces hormones during pregnancy
where are the follicles located
on the cortex of the ovary-
Is the fallopian tube fixed
No it is mobile which can causes issues if it twists
How long is the fallopian tube
10cm
function and location of fimbria
end of fallopian tube
guide the expel ova into the F tube
where dose fertilization occur
in the Ampulla section of the fallopian tube
