Neonatal Ch 25

Question 1

infant during the early newborn period

Answer 1

Neonate

Question 2

the ventricle in measured at this site on the axial view; anterior, occipital, and temporal horn junction

Answer 2

atrium (trigone) of the lateral ventricles

Question 3

part of the brain connecting the forebrain and spinal cord; consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Answer 3

brain stem

Question 4

area of the brain that forms the lateral borders of the anterior horns, anterior to the thalamus

Answer 4

caudate nucleus

Question 5

prominent structure best seen in the midline filled with cerebrospinal fluid in the premature infant

Answer 5

cavum septum pellucidum

Question 6

area of the brain that lies posterior to the brain stem below the tentorium

Answer 6

cerebellum

Question 7

largest part of the brain consisting of two equal hemispheres

Answer 7

cerebrum

Question 8

echogenic cluster of cells important in the production of cerebrospinal fluid that lies along the atrium of the lateral ventricles

Answer 8

choroid plexus

Question 9

reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 9

cistern

Question 10

prominent group of nerve fibers that connect the right and left side of the brain

Answer 10

corpus callosum

Question 11

echogenic fibrous structure that separates the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 11

falx cerebri

Question 12

soft space between the bones

Answer 12

fontanelle

Question 13

fragile periventricular tissue that bleeds easily in the premature infant; includes the caudate nucleus

Answer 13

germinal matrix

Question 14

three membranes enclosing the brain and spinal cord

Answer 14

meninges

Question 15

groove on the surface of the brain that separates the gyri

Answer 15

sulcus

Question 16

echogenic V-shaped “tent” structure in the posterior fossa that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum

Answer 16

tentorium cerebelli

Question 17

the region at which the thalamus and caudate nucleus join

Answer 17

thalamic-caudate groove

Question 18

two ovoid brian structures located midbrain, situated on either side of the third ventricle superior to the brain stem

Answer 18

thalamus

Question 19

congenital blockage of the aqueduct connecting the third and forth ventricles causing dilation of the third and fourth ventricles

Answer 19

aqueductal stenosis

Question 20

severe case of inadequate oxygenation

Answer 20

asphyxia

Question 21

transducer is placed above the ear (above the canthomeatal line)

Answer 21

axial plane

Question 22

congenital defect in which the cerebellum and brain stem are pulled toward the spinal cord (banana sign)

Answer 22

chiari malformation

Question 23

transducer is perpendicular to the anterior fontanelle in the coronal axis of the head

Answer 23

coronal plane

Question 24

abnormal development of the fourth ventricle; often accompanied by hydrocphalus

Answer 24

dandy-walker malformation

Question 25

treatment for infants with severe respiratory failure who have not responded to conventional ventilatory support

Answer 25

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Question 26

congenital defect characterized by abnormal single ventricular cavity with some form of thalami fusion

Answer 26

holoprosencephaly

Question 27

ventriculomegaly in the neonate resulting in compression and often destruction of brain tissue

Answer 27

hydrocephalus

Question 28

decreased oxygen in the body

Answer 28

hypoxia

Question 29

echogenic white matter necrosis best seen in the posterior aspect of the brian or adjacent to the ventricular structure

Answer 29

periventricular leukomalacia

Question 30

perpendicular to the coronal plane with the transducer in the anterior fontanelle

Answer 30

sagittal plane

Question 31

site of hemorrhage for the germinal matrix; fragile area beneath the ependyma that is subject to bleeding in the premature neonate

Answer 31

subependyma

Question 32

cyst that occurs at the site of a previous bleed in the germinal matrix

Answer 32

subependymal cyst

Question 33

inflammation/infection of the ventricles, which appears as echogenic linear structures along the gyri

Answer 33

ventriculitis