Chapter 29 Flashcards
formed by the articulation of the head of the femur with the acetabulum of the hip bone
hip joint
deep fascia of the thigh
fascia lata
largest nerve in the upper thigh
sciatic nerve
formation of the hip bones by the ilium, ischium, and pubis
pelvic girdle
description of the region at the front of the upper thigh, just below the inguinal ligament
femoral triangle
gap in the fascia lata, which is found 4cm inferior and lateral to the pubic tubercle
saphenous opening
the hip is laterally and posteriorly displaced to the extent that the femoral head has no contact with the acetabulum and the normal “U” configuration cannot be obtained on ultrasound
frank dislocation
the patient lies in the supine position. the examiner’s hand is place around the hip to be examined with the finger over the femoral head. the hip is flexed 90 degrees, and the thigh is abducted
Ortolani maneuver
on physical exam, the knee is lower in position on the affected side of the neonate with DDH when the patient is supine and the knees are flexed
Galeazzi sign
the patient lies in the supine position with the hip flexed 90 degrees and adducted. downward and outward pressure is applied. if the hip is dislocated, the examiner will feel the femoral head move out of the acetabulum
Barlow maneuver
This occurs with the femoral head moves posteriorly and remains in contact with the posterior aspect of the acetabulum
subluxation
this abnormal condition of the hip results in congenital hip dysplasia; included dysplastic, subluxated, dislocatable, and dislocated hips
developmental displacement of the hip (DDH)
the ______ joint unites the two hip bones with the sacral part of the vertebral column
sacroiliac
the hip bones are the fusion of the three separate bones, the ______, the ______, and the ______, which together form the pelvic girdle
ilium, ischium, and pubis
the bone of the upper thigh is the ______
femur
the femoral artery branches into the ______ artery, which is the main artery supply for the thigh muscles
profunda femoris
the largest nerve in the upper thigh is the ______ nerve
sciatic
the deep fascia of the thigh, the ______, forms a tough connective tissue surrounding the muscles
fascia lata
the ______ is formed by the inguinal ligament, the adductor longus (medially), and the sartorius (laterally).
femoral triangle
the contents of the femoral triangle include the femoral ______, the femoral ______ and ______, and the femoral ______
canal, vein, artery, nerve
the femoral vein and artery and the femoral canal are enclosed in a connective tissue sleeve called the femoral ______
sheath
the contents of the femoral triangle are separated from the more deeply lying hip joint by muscles; the ______ is medial, and the ______ is lateral
pectineus, iliacus
the articulation of the head of the femur with the acetabulum of the hip bone forms the ______
hip joint
the gluteus ______ muscle is the immediate cover for the upper part of the hip joint, whereas the obturator externus is found winding below it from front to back
minimus
the ______ muscle is immediately posterior to the joint, and the obturator internus and the gemelli and quadratus femoris are lower down
piriformis
the rounded shape of the femur and the cup shape of the ______ form the “ball and socket” hip joint
acetabulum
one of the strongest ligaments in the body is the ______ it is very important for standing and maintaining correct upright balance
iliofemoral ligament
to move away from the body
abduction
turning inward
medial rotation
bending forward
flexion
turning outward
lateral rotation
bending backward
extension
to move toward the body
adduction
the primary flexors of the hip are the ______ major, the ______, and the ______ femoris
psaos, iliacus, rectus
when the trochanter moves forward, the femur rotates ______, and when the trochanter moves backward, the femur rotates ______
medially, laterally
the medial rotators are the anterior fibers of gluteus ______ and ______
medius and minimus
the lateral rotators are the small muscles at the back of the joint: ______, ______, and ______femoris, with assistance of the gluteus ______
piriformis, obturator internus, and quadratus femoris,
gluteus maximus
ossification of the femoral head begins between ___ and ___ months of age, occurs earlier in girls than boys, and is often complete by 1 year
2 and 8
sonography of the neonatal hip is performed with a ______ transducer
linear array
sonographically, the femoral head is _____ because it is cartilaginous and contains a focal echogenic ossification nucleus
hypoechoic
the femoral head sits within the acetabulum, which is ______ and has a deep concave configuration
echogenic
two thirds of the head should be covered by the ______
labrum
the basic hip anatomy is imaged in four different views;
coronal/neutral; coronal/flexion; transverse/flexion; transverse/neutral
the angle between the baseline and the acetabular roofline that represents the osseous acetabulum is the ______ angle
alpha
the angle between the baseline and the inclination line is the ______ angle
beta
the ______ angle reflects changes in the cartilaginous acetabulum, which occur more quickly than do changes in the osseous acetabulum and may therefore be more sensitive than the ______ angle
beta, alpha
the ______ view is performed with the infant in the supine position from the lateral aspect of the hip joint with the plane of the transducer oriented coronally with respect to the hip joint
coronal/neutral
the transducer is maintained in the lateral position while the hip is moved into a 90-degree angle of flexion in the ______ view. during this assessment, the transducer is moved in an anteroposterior direction with respect to the body to allow visualization of the entire hip
coronal/flexion
a normal hip gives the appearance of a “ball on a spoon” in the midacetabulum. the ______ is the ball, the ______ forms the spoon, and the iliac line is the handle
femoral head, acetabulum
the transducer plane is rotated 90 degrees and moved posteriorly into a posterolateral position over the hip joint in the ______ view
transverse/flexion
from the transverse or flexion view, the leg is brought down into a neutral position to the ______ view
transverse/neutral
______ causes of hip dislocation can be traumatic or nontraumatic
acquired
______ dislocation occur in utero and are associated with neuromuscluar disorders
teratogenic
______ of the hip include dysplastic, subluxated, dislocatable, and dislocated hips
development displacement
a ______ hip is on in which the proximal femur moves more that 6mm on the left and 4mm on the right within the acetabulum but cannot be displaced out of it
subluxable
a ______ hip is one in which the proximal femur can be displaced our of the acetabulum but can be reduced
dislocatable
a ______ hip is one in which the femoral head is displaced out of the acetabulum and cannot be reduced
dislocated
