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Pediatric > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

1
Q

formed by the articulation of the head of the femur with the acetabulum of the hip bone

A

hip joint

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2
Q

deep fascia of the thigh

A

fascia lata

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3
Q

largest nerve in the upper thigh

A

sciatic nerve

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4
Q

formation of the hip bones by the ilium, ischium, and pubis

A

pelvic girdle

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5
Q

description of the region at the front of the upper thigh, just below the inguinal ligament

A

femoral triangle

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6
Q

gap in the fascia lata, which is found 4cm inferior and lateral to the pubic tubercle

A

saphenous opening

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7
Q

the hip is laterally and posteriorly displaced to the extent that the femoral head has no contact with the acetabulum and the normal “U” configuration cannot be obtained on ultrasound

A

frank dislocation

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8
Q

the patient lies in the supine position. the examiner’s hand is place around the hip to be examined with the finger over the femoral head. the hip is flexed 90 degrees, and the thigh is abducted

A

Ortolani maneuver

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9
Q

on physical exam, the knee is lower in position on the affected side of the neonate with DDH when the patient is supine and the knees are flexed

A

Galeazzi sign

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10
Q

the patient lies in the supine position with the hip flexed 90 degrees and adducted. downward and outward pressure is applied. if the hip is dislocated, the examiner will feel the femoral head move out of the acetabulum

A

Barlow maneuver

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11
Q

This occurs with the femoral head moves posteriorly and remains in contact with the posterior aspect of the acetabulum

A

subluxation

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12
Q

this abnormal condition of the hip results in congenital hip dysplasia; included dysplastic, subluxated, dislocatable, and dislocated hips

A

developmental displacement of the hip (DDH)

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13
Q

the ______ joint unites the two hip bones with the sacral part of the vertebral column

A

sacroiliac

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14
Q

the hip bones are the fusion of the three separate bones, the ______, the ______, and the ______, which together form the pelvic girdle

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

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15
Q

the bone of the upper thigh is the ______

A

femur

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16
Q

the femoral artery branches into the ______ artery, which is the main artery supply for the thigh muscles

A

profunda femoris

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17
Q

the largest nerve in the upper thigh is the ______ nerve

A

sciatic

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18
Q

the deep fascia of the thigh, the ______, forms a tough connective tissue surrounding the muscles

A

fascia lata

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19
Q

the ______ is formed by the inguinal ligament, the adductor longus (medially), and the sartorius (laterally).

A

femoral triangle

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20
Q

the contents of the femoral triangle include the femoral ______, the femoral ______ and ______, and the femoral ______

A

canal, vein, artery, nerve

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21
Q

the femoral vein and artery and the femoral canal are enclosed in a connective tissue sleeve called the femoral ______

A

sheath

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22
Q

the contents of the femoral triangle are separated from the more deeply lying hip joint by muscles; the ______ is medial, and the ______ is lateral

A

pectineus, iliacus

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23
Q

the articulation of the head of the femur with the acetabulum of the hip bone forms the ______

A

hip joint

24
Q

the gluteus ______ muscle is the immediate cover for the upper part of the hip joint, whereas the obturator externus is found winding below it from front to back

A

minimus

25
Q

the ______ muscle is immediately posterior to the joint, and the obturator internus and the gemelli and quadratus femoris are lower down

A

piriformis

26
Q

the rounded shape of the femur and the cup shape of the ______ form the “ball and socket” hip joint

A

acetabulum

27
Q

one of the strongest ligaments in the body is the ______ it is very important for standing and maintaining correct upright balance

A

iliofemoral ligament

28
Q

to move away from the body

A

abduction

29
Q

turning inward

A

medial rotation

30
Q

bending forward

A

flexion

31
Q

turning outward

A

lateral rotation

32
Q

bending backward

A

extension

33
Q

to move toward the body

A

adduction

34
Q

the primary flexors of the hip are the ______ major, the ______, and the ______ femoris

A

psaos, iliacus, rectus

35
Q

when the trochanter moves forward, the femur rotates ______, and when the trochanter moves backward, the femur rotates ______

A

medially, laterally

36
Q

the medial rotators are the anterior fibers of gluteus ______ and ______

A

medius and minimus

37
Q

the lateral rotators are the small muscles at the back of the joint: ______, ______, and ______femoris, with assistance of the gluteus ______

A

piriformis, obturator internus, and quadratus femoris,

gluteus maximus

38
Q

ossification of the femoral head begins between ___ and ___ months of age, occurs earlier in girls than boys, and is often complete by 1 year

A

2 and 8

39
Q

sonography of the neonatal hip is performed with a ______ transducer

A

linear array

40
Q

sonographically, the femoral head is _____ because it is cartilaginous and contains a focal echogenic ossification nucleus

A

hypoechoic

41
Q

the femoral head sits within the acetabulum, which is ______ and has a deep concave configuration

A

echogenic

42
Q

two thirds of the head should be covered by the ______

A

labrum

43
Q

the basic hip anatomy is imaged in four different views;

A

coronal/neutral; coronal/flexion; transverse/flexion; transverse/neutral

44
Q

the angle between the baseline and the acetabular roofline that represents the osseous acetabulum is the ______ angle

A

alpha

45
Q

the angle between the baseline and the inclination line is the ______ angle

A

beta

46
Q

the ______ angle reflects changes in the cartilaginous acetabulum, which occur more quickly than do changes in the osseous acetabulum and may therefore be more sensitive than the ______ angle

A

beta, alpha

47
Q

the ______ view is performed with the infant in the supine position from the lateral aspect of the hip joint with the plane of the transducer oriented coronally with respect to the hip joint

A

coronal/neutral

48
Q

the transducer is maintained in the lateral position while the hip is moved into a 90-degree angle of flexion in the ______ view. during this assessment, the transducer is moved in an anteroposterior direction with respect to the body to allow visualization of the entire hip

A

coronal/flexion

49
Q

a normal hip gives the appearance of a “ball on a spoon” in the midacetabulum. the ______ is the ball, the ______ forms the spoon, and the iliac line is the handle

A

femoral head, acetabulum

50
Q

the transducer plane is rotated 90 degrees and moved posteriorly into a posterolateral position over the hip joint in the ______ view

A

transverse/flexion

51
Q

from the transverse or flexion view, the leg is brought down into a neutral position to the ______ view

A

transverse/neutral

52
Q

______ causes of hip dislocation can be traumatic or nontraumatic

A

acquired

53
Q

______ dislocation occur in utero and are associated with neuromuscluar disorders

A

teratogenic

54
Q

______ of the hip include dysplastic, subluxated, dislocatable, and dislocated hips

A

development displacement

55
Q

a ______ hip is on in which the proximal femur moves more that 6mm on the left and 4mm on the right within the acetabulum but cannot be displaced out of it

A

subluxable

56
Q

a ______ hip is one in which the proximal femur can be displaced our of the acetabulum but can be reduced

A

dislocatable

57
Q

a ______ hip is one in which the femoral head is displaced out of the acetabulum and cannot be reduced

A

dislocated

Pediatric (10 decks)

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