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Pediatric > Neonatal and Pediatric Pelvis > Flashcards

Neonatal and Pediatric Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Anomaly of the uterus in which only one horn develops

A

unicornuate uterus

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2
Q

Duplication of the uterus and uterine horn or branches

A

bicornuate uterus

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3
Q

Condition in which both ovarian and testicular tissues are present

A

hermaphoroditism

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4
Q

Cell produced at an early stage in the formation of an ovum

A

oogonium

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5
Q

Bilateral absence of testes

A

anorchidism

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6
Q

Complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina

A

uterus didelphys

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7
Q

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum; testicles remain within the abdomen or groin

A

cryptorchidism

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8
Q

Either of the paired ducts that form adjacent to the mesonephric ducts in the embryo

A

paramesonephric ducts

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9
Q

Absence of one testis (usually is left sided)

A

monochordism

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10
Q

Blood-filled vagina and uterus

A

hematometrocolpos

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11
Q

Sonographic finding when the phallus elongates to form the penis

A

“turtle” sign

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12
Q

Early or primitive ovum before it has developed completely

A

oocyte

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13
Q

Concerning or characteristic of the same sex

A

isosexual

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14
Q

Fluid-filled vagina

A

hydrocolpos

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15
Q

Fluid-filled vagina and uterus

A

hydrometrocolpos

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16
Q

The first parts of the genital system to develop are the

A

gonads

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17
Q

At about 16 wks of gestation, the cortical cords break up into isolated cell clusters called primordial follicles, each of which contains a ___________ derived from the primordial germ cell.

A

oogonium

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18
Q

Before birth all oogonia enlarge to form primary __________, and most of them have entered the first meiotic prophase, but this process remains in an arrested state until puberty.

A

oocytes

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19
Q

All embryos have identical pairs of __________ ducts that develop into the female reproductive system.

A

genital

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20
Q

Even though the genetic sex of an embryo is determined at fertilization by the kind of sperm that fertilizes the ovum, there are no morphologic indications of maleness of femaleness until the ______ gestational week.

A

9th

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21
Q

External organs are fully developed by the _____ wk.

A

12th

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22
Q

The sonographic evaluation of the neonatal and pediatric pelvic cavity requires a distended ____

A

urinary bladder

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23
Q

In the newborn female, the uterus is prominent and thickened with a brightly ____________ endometrial lining caused by the hormonal stimulation received in utero.

A

echogenic

24
Q

The uterus is pear shaped in configuration with a length of approximately 3.5 cm and a funds__________ than the cervix.

A

smaller

25
Q

The maternal hormones stimulate the initial size of the uterine cavity after birth; as these hormones _________, so does the uterine size.

A

decrease

26
Q

The uterus increases in size after the age of 7, with the greatest increase in size occurring after the onset of puberty, when the funds becomes much ______ than the cervix.

A

larger

27
Q

It is not until ______ that the uterine shape and size dramatically changes. The uterine length increases to 5 to 7 cm and the funds-to-cervix ratio becomes 3:1.

A

puberty

28
Q

The uterus is supplied by the bilateral _______ arteries, which are branches of the internal iliac arteries.

A

uterine

29
Q

Color flow Doppler may demonstrate flow in the ____________ tissue with little or no flow in the endometrium.

A

myometrial

30
Q

The appearance of the ovary in the neonatal period is ____________ secondary to tiny cysts.

A

heterogeneous

31
Q

The blood supply to the ovary is from the _______ artery (originates directly from the aorta) and from the uterine artery, which supplies an adnexal branch to each ovary.

A

ovarian

32
Q

If mullerian anomalies are encountered, the __________ should be examined for ipsilateral renal agenesis or morphologic abnormalities.

A

kidneys

33
Q

Vaginal __________ is diagnosed by the development of hydrocolpos, hydrometrocolpos, or hematometrocolpos.

A

atresia

34
Q

Sonography demonstrates a uterus that is long and slender (“______________” shaped) and deviated to one side.

A

cigar

35
Q

A complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina is __________

A

uterus didelphys

36
Q

A duplication of the uterus with a common cervix is _________

A

bicornuate uterus

37
Q

A uterus that is normal in size and shape externally but whose cavity is T shaped with an irregular contour is associated with ____________ exposure

A

diethylstilbestrol

38
Q

In ______________ the embryo has the potential to develop as a male or female.

A

hermaphrodites

39
Q

True precocious puberty is always _____________ and involves the development of secondary sexual characteristics and an increase in the size and activity of the gonads.

A

isosexual

40
Q

Precocious pseudopuberty involves the maturation of secondary sexual characteristics but not the __________ because there is no activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

A

gonad

41
Q

Excessive exogenous synthesis of gonadal _______ (by the adrenal gland, tumors or cysts) is the most common cause of precocious pseudo puberty: prolonged exposure to exogenous gonadal hormones may mature that central nervous system and cause true precocious puberty in some children.

A

steroids

42
Q

Ovarian cysts develop from ovarian _______

A

follicles

43
Q

________ is secreted by the pituitary gland and causes an increase in both the number and the size of the small follicles.

A

FSH

44
Q

The most common primary complications of ovarian cysts are _______ and ___________

A

hemorrhage, salpingotorsion

45
Q

Torsion of the ovary may occur at any age, from neonate to adult: however, most torsion problems occur within the first _________ decades of life.

A

two

46
Q

Torsion of the ovary and fallopian tube results from partial or complete rotation of the ovary on its ___________________

A

vascular pedicle

47
Q

Ovarian torsion results in a compromise of arterial and venous flow, congestion of the ovarian parenchyma, and ultimately, ______________

A

hemorrhagic infarction

48
Q

The most common pediatric germ cell tumor is the benign mature ___________, or dermoid cyst

A

teratoma

49
Q

Mural nodules and echogenic foci with acoustic shadowing are typical sonographic findings for ____________

A

ovarian teratomas

50
Q

Describe the normal sonographic appearance of the neonatal testes

A

normal scrotal sac contains two testes that appear homogeneous with low to medium level echogenicity

51
Q

At what age is the echogenic mediastinum testes and epididymis seen?

A

after puberty

52
Q

Between gestational weeks __________ and ______, each testis descends via the inguinal canal into the scrotal sac. If this does not occur, the condition is called ___________ testes.

A

25 and 32; undescended

53
Q

3 most common causes of acute pain and swelling in the pediatric male patient

A

testicular torsion, epididymitis, testicular trauma

54
Q

The two most common causes of the acute scrotum in the male neonate, infant, and adolescent patient are ___________ and _______________

A

testicular torsion, epididymitis

55
Q

Name the two testicular tumors found in children under the age of 3 with cryptorchid testis

A

seminomas (malignant), gonadoblastomas (benign)

in children younger than 3 the incidence of malignancy in a cryptorchid testis is increased

Pediatric (10 decks)

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